Question

The first model of an atom is given by:
A. Neils Bohr
B. Ernest Rutherford
C. J.J. Thomson
D. Eugen Goldstein

Answer 1

Hint: In order to understand the structure of an atom, various scientists, tried experiments to conclude the final structure of an atom. The cathode ray tube experiment showed the presence of negative subatomic particles in the atom, called electrons. This proved a basis for the first atomic model.

Complete answer:
Experiments were done in a cathode ray tube, during the 19th century which led to the discovery of negative charged species in the atom. J.J. Thomson held a cathode ray experiment which discovered the presence of negative charges in an atom. A sealed glass was taken as a tube, from which most air was evacuated, and then a high voltage was passed between the electrodes. As a result a beam of particles flew from cathode to anode, and hence the species were negative.
Through this discovery of negative particles, Thomson came to the first model of an atom. According to his model, an atom is neutrally charged with negative charges (electrons) embedded inside it. And the mass distributed that holds the negative charge is positive. So, negative species are embedded in a positive sphere.
This model came to be called a plum pudding, Christmas pudding, raisin pudding model, due to its resemblance with the pudding having raisins embedded. The representation of this model is:

Hence, the first model of an atom was given by J.J. Thomson. So option C is correct.

Note:
Bohr’s and Rutherford’s model came after Thomson’s model for an atom, through gold foil scattering experiments. Goldstein led the discovery of the protons. J. J. Thomson’s model was rejected as the positive charge in an atom is present in a very small quantity inside the atom that is the nucleus.