Question

The function of our visceral organs are controlled by
A. Sympathetic and somatic nervous system
B. Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system
C. Central and somatic nervous system
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: The organs which are located deep within the three central cavities of the body are known as visceral organs. Examples of visceral organs are - eye, excretory, reproductive, etc.

Complete Answer:
Let's discuss the option and find out the correct answer:

- The sympathetic nervous system and the somatic nervous system responds to external stimuli. It prepares the body for fight or flight and carries the information from sensory receptors to the spinal cord and brain. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

- Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is the subdivision of the autonomic nervous system.The autonomic nervous system controls the involuntary functions of internal organs/visceral organs such as heart rate, digestion, breathing, urination, etc. They affect the visceral organs in different ways.
- In this case, the heart rate increases, blood glucose level rises and blood is diverted to the skeletal muscles. The effects of parasympathetic nerve stimulation are opposite to the effects of sympathetic stimulation. Stimulation of parasympathetic nerves can result in a slowing of the heart, dilation of visceral blood vessels and an increased activity of the digestive tract. Therefore, this is the correct option.

- The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. It controls most bodily functions like movements, sensations, speech, and memory. The brain plays a central role here. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Hence option B: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is the correct answer.

Note: Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are included under autonomic nervous systems. The functions of autonomic nervous system are,
- It is involved in involuntary actions.
- It helps in self regulation as it sends impulses from the CNS to the smooth muscles and also to the internal organs.