Question

The function of the Golgi complex is
a. Fermentation
b. Translocation
c. Detoxification
d. Secretion

Answer 1

Hint: Golgi apparatus is present in eukaryotic cells, except in mature sieve tubes of plants, mature RBCs of mammals, sperm cells of bryophytes and pteridophytes, etc, it is also absent in prokaryotic cells. In plants, it is called dictyosomes.

Complete answer:
- The main function of the Golgi apparatus is to process, package, and transport the material secretions. The packaged material is delivered either to the intracellular targets i.e, within the cell, or secreted to extracellular targets i.e, outside the cell.
- The material to be secreted moves from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus in the form of transitional vesicles. These vesicles then fuse with the cis face and move towards the maturing face of the Golgi apparatus. Therefore, the Golgi apparatus is closely associated with the ER in structural and functional aspects.
- Many proteins synthesized by ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum are transferred to the Golgi apparatus. These proteins are then modified in the cisternae of the Golgi apparatus before they are released from Trans face.
- Golgi apparatus is an important site for the formation of glycoproteins, and glycolipids.

Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Additional information:
Golgi apparatus was first observed by Camillo Golgi in 1898. He described it as a densely stained reticular structure present near the nucleus of the cell. Therefore, these were given the name Golgi bodies, after his name.

Note: Golgi apparatus has no role in fermentation, which is a chemical process by which molecules such as glucose are broken down anaerobically and in detoxification (is the physiological or medicinal removal of toxic substances from a living organism). Translocation meant a location change, here also Golgi apparatus have no role to play. Thus the answer is secretion.