Question

The hormones with antagonistic action are
A. Adrenaline and Noradrenaline
B. Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid
C. Insulin and Glucagon
D. Thymosin and Parathormone

Answer 1

Hint: A hormone would be any member of a family of signalling molecules which are transmitted by glands in multicellular organisms by the circulatory system to influence distant organs to monitor physiology and actions.

Complete Answer:
- Adrenaline and noradrenaline are generated in emergency conditions by the adrenal medulla to brace the body for flight or battle reaction by increasing the duration of the sympathetic activation and reaction results. Thus, option A is not the correct option.

- Mineralocorticoids speed up renal sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, thus rising sodium in the blood and reducing the concentration of potassium in the body. The body prepares glucocorticoids / cortisol for long-term stress response by activating anti-stress pathways that involve protein and fat metabolism activation, decreased inflammation, etc. Thus option b is not the correct option.

- By promoting glucose intake by cells, especially muscle cells, liver cells and adipose tissue cells, insulin helps to lower the amount of blood glucose. The pancreatic glucagon hormone activates the liver to decompose glycogen into glucose, thereby raising the amount of blood glucose by using fat and protein as a supply of glucose. The blood sugar content is controlled by both hormones by the antagonistic effects.

- Parathyroid gland parathyroid hormone decreases the amount of blood phosphate while increasing the level of blood calcium, while thymosin functions as just an anti-implant factor. Thus, option D is not the correct option.

Thus, the correct answer is option (C) Insulin and Glucagon.

Note: Calcitonin, a thyroid gland-secreted peptide hormone, acts antagonistically against parathyroid hormones. Calcitonin is produced and quickly prevents the elimination of calcium from the bone as the calcium content increases above homeostatic thresholds.