Question

The stability of carbonium ion depends upon:
(This question has multiple correct options)
a.) The polarity of the group to which it is attached
b.) The substrate with which it reacts
c.) The inductive effect of the attached group
d.) The tendency of the compound to react

Answer 1

Hint: In order to solve the given problem and to find out the reasons upon which the stability of carbonium ion depends first we will understand the meaning and the definition of different possible reasons given in the option. Further on the basis of understanding the effect of each of the reasons we will select the basic reasons as we have been given that more than answers are correct.

Complete step by step answer:
The term carbonium can be used for the simplest member of the class, where the five valences are packed with hydrogen atoms. Carbonium ion is any cation containing a pentavalent carbon atom. The second shortest carbon ions have two carbon atoms after methanium.
The simplest carbonium ion is methanium whose chemical representation is $CH_5^ + $ .

In organic chemistry the stability of the carbonium basically is affected mostly due to electronic factors on the basis of categorization that they are primary, secondary, benzylic, allylic, tertiary etc.
Also the stability is very sensitive to their geometry and the angles of the substituent to the carbon atom.

And the stability does not depend on the substrate to which it reacts and the compound it reacts to.
On the basis of the above study we can say that the polarity of the group attached with carbonium ion and the inductive effect of the attached group affects the stability of the carbonium ion.
Electron releasing groups stabilize the carbocation, while the carbocation is destabilized by electron withdrawing groups.

Hence, the stability of carbonium ion depends upon the polarity of the group to which it is attached and the inductive effect of the attached group.
So, the correct answer is “Option C”.

Note: In order to solve the problem students must understand the basic definition of the terms and should analyse the effect of each of the reasons given. The inductive effect is indeed an effect on the transfer, through a chain of atoms in a molecule, of uneven distribution of the bonding electron, leading to a permanent dipole in a bond. The larger the difference in electronegativity between atoms in a connexion, the more the connexion is polar. On certain electronegative atoms, partial negative charges are detected, and the others are partly positive.