Question

The stem of maize and sugarcane has support roots coming out of the lower nodes of the stem. They are called
A. Stilt roots
B. Prop roots
C. Pneumatophores
D. Both A and B

Answer 1

Hint: Roots are the underground structures of a plant. The roots serve the important function of providing water and minerals from the soil to all the parts of the plant. Some of the plants modified their roots based on their requirements. Maize and sugarcane have adventitious root modifications to provide support to them. These are obliquely growing roots from the lower nodes of the stem.

Complete answer:
Plants have three major parts namely stems, roots, and leaves. The roots are the lowermost and underground part of the plant which is first to grow. The roots absorb the water and minerals from the soil and transport them to the plant for growth. This is the general and basic function of roots. But in some plants based on adaptations, the roots modify to function in support, respiration, or storage. The adventitious root is a type of root having a dense network of root fibers. These are modified based on the requirement of the plant into prop roots, stilt roots, nodulose roots, climbing roots, etc.

-The stilt roots are modifications of adventitious roots that grow obliquely from the lower or basal nodes of the stem. These roots grow over the ground surface but penetrate into the soil. Maize and sugarcane show the presence of stilt roots. The lower nodes of maize and sugarcane stem elongate to form adventitious root fibers that are called stilt roots. These roots provide extra support to the plants that are weak in nature.
-Prop roots are hanging type roots. They develop from the branches of a tree. They hang down from branches and penetrate the ground. They also provide support to plants. These are seen in the banyan tree.
-Pneumatophore roots are specialized roots that branch upward. They rise above the ground level. They facilitate aeration for plants and are seen in mangroves.

Therefore, the correct answer is option A, stilt roots.

Note: In some plants, the roots take over the reproductive functions. In sweet potatoes, the adventitious roots form buds. These buds develop to form leafy shoots. These buds can be cut and used in vegetative propagation. Roots develop so many modifications based on the plant requirements.