Question

The study of the nervous system and its disorders is called
(a) Neurogenesis
(b) Hematology
(c) Neuroglia
(d) Neurology

Answer 1

Hint: The study of the nervous system and its disorders is an important branch of medicine that covers both the central as well as the peripheral nervous system.

Complete step by step answer:
Neurology is the branch of medicine that deals with the nervous system, its disorders, and treatment. A neurologist is a medical doctor who has undergone training in diagnosing and treating neurological diseases.
- Neurogenesis is the process of growth and development of nervous tissue from neuronal stem cells in the nervous system. This process is exclusively found in animal cells barring some invertebrates such as poriferans.
- Hematology is a branch of science that deals with blood, its pathology along with its disorders or diseases. A hematologist is the one who is an expert in this field
- Neuroglia is the type of cells that are dedicated to providing support to the neurons. They exchange all sorts of substances from the extracellular fluid to provide metabolic support and structural support for neurons.
- A neuron consists of a cell body, from which many cytoplasmic processes or extensions arise which are of two kinds: multiple dendrites and a single axon.
- Cell body is also known as soma or cyton. It consists of neuroplasm, nucleus, and cell membrane along with organelles such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, neurofibrils, and Nissl’s granules.
- Dendrites are usually shorter, and highly branched extensions arising from the cell body and receive impulses from other neurons. An axon is a long, thin, cylindrical portion that propagates the nerve impulse to another neuron, muscle fiber, or a gland cell.
So, the correct answer is ‘(d) Neurology.’

Note:
- Neurofibrils play an important role in the transmission of impulses or electric signals and extend from dendrites to axon cylinders to the nerve endings.
- Nissl’s granules are responsible for the synthesis of proteins required by the neurons. They are absent in the axon and thus have to depend on the cell body for the supply of proteins.