Question

. The type of hydrocarbon that is used as a lubricant

Answer 1

Hint: Saturated hydrocarbons means that the molecules contain only hydrogen and carbon. The hydrocarbon can be two types, Saturated hydrocarbon which has only single bonds, and that hydrocarbon contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. Unsaturated hydrocarbons that have double or triple covalent bonds between adjacent carbon atoms.

Complete step by step answer:
Lubricating oil is a derivative or by-product of crude oil.
Petroleum is made up of several hydrocarbons. From petroleum, we get a wide range of hydrocarbons like petrol, paraffin wax, L.P.G, Lubricating oil, Bitumen, etc.
Petrol is widely used as a fuel for engine cars. When the fuel is pumped into a cylinder of the engine, a spark plug is used to ignite the fuel. This ignition causes the fuel to burn and push the piston upwards, thus generating the necessarily required force to run the car.
Paraffin wax is obtained by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. It is usually white in color or is transparent and is mainly used in the production of Paraffin candles. These candles are also known as wax candles.
Bitumen is a black, hardened, and viscous by-product that is obtained for petroleum distillation. It is largely used in the construction industry, wherein it is used as a raw material for the construction of roads, buildings, etc.
L.P.G. is a mixture of gases like propane and butane. It is light and colorless in nature. It is mainly used as a fuel for electricity generation and is also used in households.
Lubricating oil is a viscous liquid that is mainly used to reduce the surface friction between the parts of various forms of machinery.
Lubricating oils are hydrocarbons that are saturated. Which is called Alkane.

Additional information:
Let us discuss some rules for the nomenclature of ‘alkanes’
- Find the longest chain of carbon atoms. This will be the parent chain of the compound.
-Then identify all the substituents of the functional groups.
-While numbering the functional group, the numbering on the parent chain should be such that it should be closest to the terminal carbon atom.
-If the same functional group is occurring more than once, then while mentioning the functional group in the name of the hydrocarbon, appropriate position numbering should be mentioned. In addition, the number of times the substituent group occurs is indicated by a prefix (di, tri, tetra, etc.).
-If chains of equal length are competing for selection as the
parent chain, then the choice goes in series to:
a) the chain which has the greatest number of side chains.
b) the chain whose substituents have the lowest- numbers.
c) the chain having the greatest number of carbon atoms in the smaller side chain.
d)the chain having the least branched side chains.

Note:
To monitor the quality of the fuel used, a parameter known as octane number was introduced. It is a measure of knock resistance of the fuel used. The octane number is calculated by comparing the characteristics of gasoline to isooctane (2,2,4-trimethylpentane) and heptane. Iso-octane has low knock characteristics whereas n-heptane has a high knocking tendency.
Whenever the octane number of any sample of petrol is mentioned, it stands for the amount of iso-octane present in the fuel. The remaining composition consists of n-heptane.