Question

The year 1900 AD is highly significant for geneticists due to
A. Discovery of genes
B. Principle of linkage
C. Chromosome theory of heredity
D. Rediscovery of Mendelism

Answer 1

Hint: Gregor Mendel, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Nettie Stevens are a few of the famous geneticists of the 1900s. Genes and the science of heredity are studied by geneticists. They study all living things, including humans, livestock, crops, and bacteria. A geneticist's work includes a lot of research.

Complete answer:
Now let us analyze the given options:
A. Discovery of gene: Gregor Mendel, known as the "Father of Genetics," is credited with pioneering genetic science. In 1857, he conducted a plant experiment that sparked a renewed interest in genetics research. Mendel did not coin the word "gene," but his findings clarified the fundamentals of inheritance.

B. Principle of linkage: The lower the probability of recombination between two genes, and the more likely they are to be inherited together, the closer they are on a chromosome. Similar chromosome markers are completely unrelated. The most notable exception to Gregor Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment is genetic linkage. In 1905, the first experiment demonstrating linkage was carried out.

C. Chromosome theory of heredity: Walter Sutton, a Columbia University graduate student working in E. B. Wilson's lab discovered that each sperm or egg receives only one chromosome of each kind during the phase of cell division known as meiosis, which creates sperm and egg cells (Cells in other parts of the body have two of each kind of chromosome, one inherited from each parent). It was done in 1902.

D. Rediscovery of Mendelism: Mendel's thesis was first published in 1866, and three European scientists, Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermak, rediscovered it in 1900 after coming to similar conclusions in their studies. The units that distributed or contained this genetic material, on the other hand, were unknown.

Thus the correct answer is option ‘D’ - Rediscovery of Mendelism.

Note: C. R. Woese and colleagues used small ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence comparisons to identify Archaea as a cohesive group in the tree of life in 1977. All organisms have archaea in their microbiota. They play a significant role in the human microbiome in the gut, mouth, and skin. Archaea species are further divided into two phyla that are Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota.