VerifiedHint: They are small, rounded, pigmented areas in the center of the human eye, and some other animals' eyes that are responsible for good colored vision due to the presence of the good light and if this part is damaged then it will lead to less vision.
Complete answer:
The yellowish pigmented spot at the center of the human eye that is lateral to the blind spot is the Macula lutea. It is responsible for the colored vision in the eyes and if damaged will lead to impairment of the vision in the individual.
-The diameter of the macula lutea of the human eye is around 5.5 millimeters.
-The macula lutea of the eye is divided into several parts including the foveal avascular zone, fovea, umbo, foveola, perifovea areas, and parafovea.
-It is the part of the eye that is responsible for the high resolution of an image and vision in an individual.
-The macula has a yellowish color that absorbs the ultraviolet rays that may enter the eyes and acts as their sunblock and protects them from excessive rays of the sun.
-Due to the presence of the pigments of the zeaxanthin carotenoids that include zeaxanthin and lutein in the eye, the macula is yellowish in color.
-These pigments play an important role in protecting the macula lutea from getting degenerated.
-After the death of an individual, the macula will turn yellow in color.
-The fovea and foveola are the photoreceptors nerve cells that constitute a cone of higher density.
So, the correct answer is ‘Macula lutea’.
Note: The macula lutea was first described by Buzzi in 1782. He dissected the eye of a 35 years old man and found this structure. The German ophthalmologist Karl Stargardt was the first to report the Stargardt disease in 1901 that was related to the degeneration of the macula in the eyes. The word macula was derived from the Latin word <I>macula</I>, meaning ‘spot’, and <I>lutea</I>, meaning ‘yellow’.
