Question

Ultrafiltration units of the kidney are known as
(a)Vena Cava
(b)Glomerulus
(c)Nephron
(d)Tubule

Answer 1

Hint: It is the first place where the making of urine starts where our kidneys use to filter excess fluid and waste products out of the blood into the urine collecting tubules of the kidney so they may be eliminated from your body.

Complete answer:
The glomerulus is a network of small blood vessels (capillaries) known as a tuft, located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. Through the glomerular filtration barrier, the blood is filtered across the capillary walls of this tuft which yields its filtrate of water and soluble substances to a cup-like sac known as Bowman's capsule. Then the filtrate enters the renal tubule of the nephron. Through an afferent arteriole of the renal arterial circulation, the glomerulus receives its blood supply. The glomerular capillaries exit into efferent arterioles rather than venules, unlike most capillary beds. Sufficient hydrostatic pressure is produced by the resistance of the efferent arterioles within the glomerulus to provide the force for ultrafiltration. In the process of making urine, the first step is to separate the liquid part of your blood (plasma) which contains all the dissolved solutes, from your blood cells. In the kidneys, Each nephron has a glomerulus that acts as a microscopic filter that constantly filters the blood. The blood enters a glomerulus that is about to be filtered. The glomerulus is nestled inside a cup-like sac located at the end of each nephron, called a glomerular capsule and their capillaries have small pores in their walls which looks like a very fine mesh sieve and what to be filtered and how much is filtered into the glomerular capsule are determined by the physical characteristics of the glomerular capillary wall.

Additional information:
`1) The tuft is structurally supported by the mesangium - the space between the blood vessels - made up of intraglomerular mesangial cells.
2) In 1666, Italian biologist and anatomist Marcello Malpighi first described the glomeruli and demonstrated their continuity with the renal vasculature.
3) Surgeon and anatomist William Bowman elucidated in detail the capillary architecture of the glomerulus and the continuity between its surrounding capsule and the proximal tubule.

So, the correct answer is, ‘Glomerulus’.

Note: The Bowman's capsule has an outer parietal layer composed of simple squamous epithelium. The visceral layer, made out of changed straightforward squamous epithelium, is lined by podocytes. Podocytes have foot measures, pedicels, that fold over glomerular vessels. These pedicels interdigitate with pedicels of neighboring podocytes framing filtration cuts. -The process of glomerular filtration is known as ultrafiltration because blood is filtered very finely through all the membranes such that all the components of the blood plasma are passed on except proteins.