Answer
Verified
396k+ views
Hint: The functional groups which impart color to an organic compound are known as the chromophore. Any compound is colored when it is able to absorb light of a certain wavelength and reflects the complementary light which lies in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is this reflected light that can be perceived by our eyes.
Complete answer:
When an organic compound absorbs the radiation in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it appears to be colored. The colored properties associated with the organic compounds are due to the presence of few groups of atoms known as chromophores which absorb visible light photons.
In Greek, chroma means color, and phoron means bearer. A chromophore is usually a group of atoms that are having electron-withdrawing nature, possess unsaturation, and when present in conjugation imparts color to the compound by absorption of visible light. Examples of chromophore include groups such as –
When light falls on a compound, it gets absorbed and results in three types of excitations in the molecule, namely electronic, vibrational and rotational. The compounds undergo electronic excitation in the UV–visible region. In the case of multiple bonded compounds, the π-electrons are responsible for absorption and electronic excitation.
Now, the energy required for the excitation in a molecule is directly related to the frequency of light absorbed. It is given by the following relation –
\[\Delta \text{E}={{\text{E}}_{2}}-{{\text{E}}_{1}}=\text{h }\!\!\nu\!\!\text{ }=\dfrac{\text{hc}}{\text{ }\!\!\lambda\!\!\text{ }}\]
Where \[{{\text{E}}_{1}}\] and \[{{\text{E}}_{2}}\] are energy corresponding to ground state and excited state respectively.
In organic compounds with conjugated multiple bond systems, the delocalization of π-electrons occurs. This delocalization leads to a resonance effect that causes stabilization in the excited state and thus decreases \[\Delta \text{E}\] value. As a result, longer wavelength absorption occurs that belongs to the visible region, and the compound appears colored. The chromophore groups present in a compound cause deepening of color by increasing the number of charged contributing structures during the resonance effect.
Note:
Some groups do not impart color but when present along with chromophore groups are responsible for deepening the color of the compound. These are electron-donating groups and are known as auxochromes. Examples of auxochrome groups are:
Complete answer:
When an organic compound absorbs the radiation in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, it appears to be colored. The colored properties associated with the organic compounds are due to the presence of few groups of atoms known as chromophores which absorb visible light photons.
In Greek, chroma means color, and phoron means bearer. A chromophore is usually a group of atoms that are having electron-withdrawing nature, possess unsaturation, and when present in conjugation imparts color to the compound by absorption of visible light. Examples of chromophore include groups such as –
When light falls on a compound, it gets absorbed and results in three types of excitations in the molecule, namely electronic, vibrational and rotational. The compounds undergo electronic excitation in the UV–visible region. In the case of multiple bonded compounds, the π-electrons are responsible for absorption and electronic excitation.
Now, the energy required for the excitation in a molecule is directly related to the frequency of light absorbed. It is given by the following relation –
\[\Delta \text{E}={{\text{E}}_{2}}-{{\text{E}}_{1}}=\text{h }\!\!\nu\!\!\text{ }=\dfrac{\text{hc}}{\text{ }\!\!\lambda\!\!\text{ }}\]
Where \[{{\text{E}}_{1}}\] and \[{{\text{E}}_{2}}\] are energy corresponding to ground state and excited state respectively.
In organic compounds with conjugated multiple bond systems, the delocalization of π-electrons occurs. This delocalization leads to a resonance effect that causes stabilization in the excited state and thus decreases \[\Delta \text{E}\] value. As a result, longer wavelength absorption occurs that belongs to the visible region, and the compound appears colored. The chromophore groups present in a compound cause deepening of color by increasing the number of charged contributing structures during the resonance effect.
Note:
Some groups do not impart color but when present along with chromophore groups are responsible for deepening the color of the compound. These are electron-donating groups and are known as auxochromes. Examples of auxochrome groups are:
Recently Updated Pages
10 Examples of Evaporation in Daily Life with Explanations
10 Examples of Diffusion in Everyday Life
1 g of dry green algae absorb 47 times 10 3 moles of class 11 chemistry CBSE
What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added class 10 chemistry JEE_Main
What is the meaning of celestial class 10 social science CBSE
What causes groundwater depletion How can it be re class 10 chemistry CBSE
Trending doubts
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?
How do you graph the function fx 4x class 9 maths CBSE
Distinguish between the following Ferrous and nonferrous class 9 social science CBSE
The term ISWM refers to A Integrated Solid Waste Machine class 10 social science CBSE
The Equation xxx + 2 is Satisfied when x is Equal to Class 10 Maths
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
Which is the longest day and shortest night in the class 11 sst CBSE
In a democracy the final decisionmaking power rests class 11 social science CBSE