Question

What is $PV=nRT$ called?

Answer 1

Hint: Ideal gas equation is an equation which is followed by the ideal gases. Under all the conditions of temperature and pressure, a gas that can be used to describe Boyle's and Charles Law is called an ideal gas. The behaviour of gases is explained by the three laws which are Boyle's Law, Avogadro's Law, and Charles'Law.

Complete step by step answer:
According to Avogadro's Law: $V\propto \,n$ (P and T constant)
According to Boyle's Law: $V\,\propto \,c$(T and n constant) P
According to Charles' Law ; $V\,\alpha \,T$ (P and n constant)
 Combining the three laws ; we get: $V=\dfrac{RnT}{P}$, where 'R' is the proportionality constant.
On rearranging the above equation we get $PV=nRT$.
As all the hypothetical gases are found to comply with this equation under all conditions of temperature and pressure, we call it the ideal gas equation.
However perfectly ideal gas does not exist in practical life. But the gases may show nearly ideal behaviour under the conditions of low pressure and high temperature and are called real gases.
Equation of state : It is called the equation of state for gases, as the ideal gas equation shows us the relationship between the four variables that describe the state of a gas.
Suppose we consider 1 mole of an ideal gas, then:
$PV = RT$ (n =1 mol)
R (Proportionality constant):
(i) Gas constant
(ii) It is same for all the gases
Therefore it is also called universal gas constant. The value of universal gas constant depends upon the units in which volume and the pressure are taken. The value of universal gas constant may vary, if the units of volume and pressure change

Note: Gases have a tendency to occupy all available space. So the volume of gas is equal to the volume of the container.
Temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness.
Pressure is the force exerted by gas per unit area.