Question

What is temperature ?

Answer 1

Hint: The sun continuously radiates its heat into space, which is called solar radiation. These radiation reach the Earth in the form of small waves. The Earth is able to prevent only two billionth of the solar radiation. Solar radiation reaching the Earth is called Solar Insolation.

Complete answer: Only 51% of the total solar radiation reaching the outer layer of the atmosphere reaches the earth's surface directly or indirectly. This radiation maintains an average temperature of 15 ° C on our Earth and forms the basis for the development of our biosphere. The amount of sun on Earth and its per unit area is determined mainly by three factors are -
1. The inclination of the rays of the sun falling on the ground.
2. The length of the day or the duration of the sun.
3. The permeability of the atmosphere.
According to the general rule, when the Earth is at a minimum distance from the Sun, at that time the maximum temperature and the minimum distance should be found when there is maximum distance. Reality in the hemisphere is just the opposite. In fact, this factor becomes negligible in front of the effect of the day's duration and the slanting of the sun's rays. Even when the number of solar stigmas is high, the amount of sunset also increases. When rays of light pass through the atmosphere, their scattering, reflection and absorption continues. The blue color of the sky and the redness of the sun at sunrise and sunset are due to scattering. The action of absorption is mainly through water vapour and ozone gases. The ozone gas layer absorbs the sun's ultraviolet rays.

Factor of variation in temperature are -
1. Latitudinal distribution: In tropical regions, the annual amount of sunset is highest and its quantity decreases towards the poles respectively. At 45 ° latitudes, this quantity is 75% compared to the equator; It is 50% at the Arctic and Antarctic lines and 40% at the poles.
2. Height in comparison: Temperature declines as altitude increases. Per 165 m in the troposphere At a height of 1 ° C the temperature decreases. Per km At an average of 6.5 ° C, it falls. For example, Mount Kilimanjaro is on the equator, but due to its high altitude, it is a snow-capped region. Similarly, both Guangzhou (China) and Kolkata are on the same latitude, but both have considerable differences in temperature due to the variation in altitude.
3. Effect of site and water: To increase the temperature of one unit of one unit volume of the site to one and a half times the energy is required. The water heats up late and cools down lately, while the process is quicker at the site. Therefore the temperature is higher at terrain than at oceans.
4. Sea currents: These currents have an effect on the temperature of adjacent terrestrial parts. Warm currents increase the temperature of the seaside, while the effect of cold currents results in a drop in temperature. For example, the expansion of the warm ocean current Gulfstream gives the North Atlantic flow the expected temperature for the entire western European part even in winter, leaving their ports open throughout the year and the weather is pleasant. Similarly, the cold Benguela stream flowing on the west coast of South Africa reduces the temperature in the coastal part.
5. Prevailing air: Cold winds bring down the temperature drastically while hot winds increase the temperature. For example, Mistral wind reduces the temperature of France to freezing point while Sick wind USA. Raises the temperature, causing the ice to melt.

Note: The Sun is 13 million times larger than the Earth and its average distance from Earth is 15 million km. The rays of the sun make this distance 3 lakh km. Hydrogen atoms in the Sun's core are converted into helium atoms by continuous nuclear fusion, releasing immense energy.