Question

What is the role of ADP?

Answer 1

Hint: It is responsible for the process of formation of energy in the cell. This process is very important as it helps in the occurrence and functioning of various other processes that include the process of photosynthesis, or converting the higher energy into the lower substrate energy, and transferring electrons through electron carriers in mitochondria.

Complete step by step answer
ADP is the Adenosine Diphosphate, it plays an important role in the formation of energy in the form of ATP which is Adenosine Triphosphate. The formation of ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) occurs in processes such as photophosphorylation, which is the process that occurs during photosynthesis that converts light energy into ATP from ADP. ADP consists of a ribose sugar, nucleotide (adenine), and two phosphate groups. The phosphate groups are bound together through a bond which when broken produces a large amount of energy.

Additional Information
- The ATP is formed with the help of the ATP synthase enzyme which is used during the process of photosynthesis.
-The energy currency of the cell is called ATP that helps in the ongoing of various metabolic reactions that take place in a living organism during its life cycle.
-During the oxidative phosphorylation process, the ATP are formed by the oxidation of various nutrients that produce chemical energy.
- The oxidative phosphorylation occurs inside the mitochondria that have electron carriers in their inner membrane.
- In comparison to other processes, the substrate-level phosphorylation produces fewer ATP molecules that are not present in the electron carriers of the mitochondria.
-The conversion of ADP into ATP occurs with the help of an enzyme called the ATP synthase that is present in the mitochondrial and chloroplast inner membranes.
-Chemiosmosis is the process by which the formation of ATP from ADP takes place.

Note:
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process where the ATP is produced during respiration. The phosphorylation of ADP along with the oxygen and glucose will result in the formation of the ATP. Total 38 ATP particles are formed in aerobic respiration from a glucose molecule. Here chemiosmosis is very important if it’s absent then the formation of ATP will not occur.