Question

Which among the following are synovial joints?
1.Ball and socket joint
2 Pivot joint
3.Hinge joint
4.Cartilaginous joint
(a)1, 2 and 3
(b)1 and 2
(c)2 and 4
(d)1 and 3

Answer 1

Hint: The area where two or more than two bones meet together are known as joints. Joints are non-motile in adults such as the joints in the skull and some joints can move a little such as the vertebrae.

Complete answer:
Ball and socket joint, Pivot joint and Hinge joint are the synovial joints. They are the most common joints in the body which are not seen at fibrous or cartilaginous joints and is a fluid-filled space at the site in which the articulating surfaces of the bones are in contact with each other. The articular surface of the bone is covered with smooth articular cartilage at the synovial joints which give the joint and ability to move smoothly against each other and allows an increase in the mobility of the joint. Synovial joints are divided based on their shapes of the articulating surfaces of the bones that form each of the joints. Bursae is a fluid-filled sac that prevents the friction between skin muscle or tendon and unites the femur and tibia of the leg as it is a fat pad of the complex joint.

Additional Information: Ball and socket joint: It is a type of synovial joint that surfaces the round bone that fits into the cup-like the depression of another bone. It enables the joint to move in many directions and it is capable of moving around an indefinite number of axes that consist of one common center. When the socket covers the sphere beyond its equator it forms a special kind of steroid joint known as enarthrosis. The hip joint forms a ball and socket joint. It constitutes the round head of the femur rest in the cup-like acetabulum of the pelvis. The upper extremity of the humerus which rests in the cup-like glenoid fossa of the shoulder forms the ball and socket joint in the shoulder.
Pivot joint: It is a rounded portion of the bone which forms partially by the articulation of other bones and a ligament. They rotate within a ring around a single axis. This is functionally classified as an axial diarthrosis type of joint. This allows us to turn our head from side to side. The proximal radioulnar joint is the second pivot joint which is largely encircled by a ligament as it articulates with the radial nodes of the ulnar. This allows us to move the forearm.
Hinge joint: Hinge joints are present in the elbow which is a synovial joint surrounded by cartilage and includes the ankle and knee joints. They are formed between two or more bones. These bones can move along one exercise to flex or extend. They can rotate up to 180 degrees maximum. Elbow is a hinged joint that constitutes three bones i.e. the humorous, ulna humor, and radius. The joints slide easily against each other through the cartilage which has a rubbery consistency and absorbs shock.

So,the correct answer is '1,2 and 3'.

Note: The hip joint is the largest ball and socket joint in the human body which remains stable during twisting and extreme ranges of motion. Joints make the skeleton flexible and it would be impossible to move without joints. Vitamin D and estrogen are important for musculoskeletal health.