Question

which of the following compounds is soluble in benzene but almost insoluble in water?
(a) $C_2{H}_{5}OH$
(b) $C{H}_{3}C{O}_{2}H$
(c) $C{H}_{3}CHO$
(d) $C_6{H}_{5}N{O}_2$

Answer 1

Hint: Solubility is a property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. It is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium. The resulting solution is called a saturated solution.

Complete step by step answer:
- We have been asked about a compound which is soluble in benzene but almost insoluble in water,
So, for that as we know solubility is measured in terms of the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium.
- Now, we know that: Ionic compounds dissolve in water if the energy given off when the ions interact with water molecules compensates for the energy needed to break the ionic bonds in the solid and the energy required to separate the water molecules so that the ions can be inserted into solution, and this makes a compound soluble.
- Now, we have: $C_2{H}_{5}OH$,
This is Ethanol, and it is a volatile, flammable and colourless liquid.
- Next we have: $C{H}_{3}CHO$,
This is acetaldehyde, and it is an organic chemical compound.
- Next one: $C{H}_{3}C{O}_{2}H$,
This is acetic acid, and it is a colourless liquid organic compound. It is also known as glacial acetic acid.
- Then we have: $C_6{H}_{5}N{O}_2$,
This is nitrobenzene, and it is a covalent compound which is a reason that it is soluble in benzene, alcohol etc but insoluble in water.
So, we can say $C_6{H}_{5}N{O}_2$ is soluble in benzene but almost insoluble in water.
The correct answer is option “D” .

Note: Factors affecting solubility,
- Temperature. Basically, solubility increases with temperature.
- Polarity: In most cases solutes dissolve in solvents that have a similar polarity.
- Pressure: For the majority of Solid and liquid solutes, pressure does noy affect solubility.
- Molecular size: If the pressure, and temperature are the same as out of two solutes of the same polarity, the one with smaller particles is usually more soluble.
Stirring increases the speed of dissolving.