Question

Which of the following groups belongs to the actinide series?
(a) Th, Pa, U
(b) Ce, Pr, Nd
(c) Ba, La, Hf
(d) Pt, Au, Ag

Answer 1

Hint: Actinides belongs to the f- block elements and is the second series of f- block elements and involves the filling of (n-2)f subshell and has the general electronic configuration as: $\text{5}{{\text{f}}^{1-14}}\text{6}{{\text{d}}^{0-1}}\text{7}{{\text{s}}^{2}}$.Solve it.

Complete step by step answer:
The elements which involve the filling of f-orbitals i.e. in which the last electron enters the last but two i.e.(n-2) f-subshell of the atom. Their general electronic configuration is:$\text{(n-2)}{{\text{f}}^{1-14}}\text{(n-1)}{{\text{d}}^{0-1}}\text{n}{{\text{s}}^{2}}$. They are also called inner transition elements because they are occurring in between the transition elements.
f-block elements occur in two series: lanthanides and actinides. In lanthanides, the 4f subshell is progressively being filled. It consists of 14 elements from Ce (58) to Lu (71) after La (57) and their general electronic configuration is: $\text{4}{{\text{f}}^{1-14}}\text{5}{{\text{d}}^{0-1}}\text{6}{{\text{s}}^{2}}$. On the other hand, in cases of actinides, the 5f subshell is progressively being filled. It also consists of 14 elements from Th (90) to Lr (103) after Ac (89) and their general electronic configuration is: $\text{5}{{\text{f}}^{1-14}}\text{6}{{\text{d}}^{0-1}}\text{7}{{\text{s}}^{2}}$

From the above period table, we can see that the thorium (Th), protactinium (Pa), and uranium(U) group belongs to the actinide series.
Hence, option (a) is correct.

Note: In actinides, there is steady decrease in the ionic radii with the increase in the atomic number and this is known as actinide contraction i.e. the nuclear charge increases as we move from left to right but the electrons are also added in the n-2 subshell and the effect of increased nuclear charge dominates over the imperfect shielding by the 5f electrons and thus, the 5f electron subshell contracts and thus, the decrease is very small