Question

Which of the following has a rigid cell wall that surrounds the cell membrane?
A. Plant cell
B. Animal cell
C. Viruses
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It may be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism.

Complete answer:
A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. The cell wall surrounds the plasma membrane of plant cells. The cell wall provides tensile strength and protection against mechanical and osmotic stress.
The plant cell wall is used commercially in the form of paper, textiles fibers (cotton, flax, hemp), charcoal, lumber and other wood products.
If we see the major function of the cell wall, it is to act as a pressure vessel, preventing over- expansion when water enters the cell. The wall helps in giving cells rigidity and also strength , offering protection against mechanical stress. The cell wall also limits the entry of large molecules that may be toxic to the cell.
The primary cell wall of most plant cells is semi-permeable and permits passage of small molecules and small proteins. The plant cell wall is composed of xylan, and lignin. It has three layers 1. The middle lamella 2. The primary cell wall 3. The secondary cell wall

Hence the correct answer is OPTION(A)

Note: The cell wall is composed of a network of cellulose microfibrils and cross-linking glycans embedded in a highly cross-linked matrix of pectin polysaccharides. In secondary cell walls, lignin may be deposited.