Question

Which overlapping is involved in HCl molecules?
A s – s overlap
B p – p overlap
C s – d overlap
D s – p overlap

Answer 1

Hint: An atomic orbital is a mathematical function in atomic theory and quantum physics that describes the position and wave-like behaviour of an electron in an atom. This function may be used to determine the likelihood of locating any atom's electron in any given area surrounding the nucleus. The phrase atomic orbital can also refer to the actual region or space in which the electron can be calculated to be present, based on the orbital's mathematical structure.

Complete answer:
Depending on the phase and sign of the two interacting orbitals, the overlap between two atoms can be positive, negative, or even zero when they come into contact to form a bond. The amount of overlap is determined by the size and valence electrons of the two involved atoms. In general, the stronger the connection established between the two atoms is the bigger the overlap. As a result of the orbital overlap idea, atoms join by overlapping their orbitals, producing a lower energy state in which their valence electrons with opposing spin link up to create a covalent bond.
As we know, p-orbitals have dumbbell-shaped orbitals with one lobe positively spinning and the other lobe spinning negatively, and we also know that when two orbitals with the same spin overlap, they result in a positive overlap, and when two orbitals with two different spins overlap, they result in a negative overlap.
Let's take a look at each of the options one by one. In the first choice, we can see that there are two distinct orbitals with positive and negative spins, one p-orbital and one s-orbital. As a result, there will be no bonding between these two, resulting in a zero overlap.

The overlap of the hydrogen 1s orbital with the half-filled $$3p_z$$ orbital of chlorine causes bonding in the HCl molecule. As a result, the solution is s-p overlap.

Note:
Hydrochloric acid, commonly known as muriatic acid, is a hydrogen chloride aqueous solution. It's a colourless liquid with a strong, unpleasant odour. It's considered a strong acid. In the digestive tracts of most animal species, including humans, it is a component of stomach acid. Hydrochloric acid is a common laboratory reagent and chemical used in industry.