Question

Write a note on the modern method of irrigation.

Answer 1

Hint:
Irrigation is the crop watering technique. Canals and dams are ancient methods of irrigation. Modern methods of irrigation include: sprinkler, surface irrigation, drip and subsurface. In surface irrigation water flow is high. The most efficient method of irrigation is drip irrigation. These methods are of great importance for the farmers.

Complete answer:
Irrigation is the process of watering the agriculture crop. It is the controlled process through artificial means in order to facilitate their growth and development. Proper amount of water is required by the crops. For better yield, farmers take care of the requirements of the crop such as water, and fertilizers. Amount of water should be maintained. Too low water level can dry out the plants, whereas too much water may damage the root. Irrigation is a much more complicated process. Ancient methods
irrigation include irrigation canals, dams, water storage facilities, structures like aqueducts. 

Four types of modern methods of irrigation are surface irrigation, sprinkler, drip and subsurface.
Surface irrigation is the most common method. Water flow is regulated by gravity. It is also called as flood irrigation. It includes three other type methods: Furrow, basin and border irrigation. In furrow method, water flows through shallow channels. Siphon, main ditch, gated pipe etc. are used to supply water in it. In basin and border method water flows through soil.
Sprinkler is used to spray water on plants. It shows the same effect as rainfall. It requires sprinklers, laterals, mainlines, sub mainlines and pump units. Mainlines supply water to the sprinkler. Farmers use this method mainly for cotton, onion, maize, wheat, gram, and sunflower crops.
Drip irrigation system used to water the crops drop by drop. It includes small diameter pipes that lie close to the ground in order to provide water to the roots. It is the most efficient method for irrigation. It reduces runoff and water evaporation significantly. Drip irrigation helps in the conservation of water and also reduces the cost of fertilization. Crops such as vegetables, cash crops, plantation, spices, etc.. uses this method

Note:
Proper method of irrigation provides great advantage to the farmers. Sprinkler is suitable for all types of
crops except heavy clay. Sprinkler method also reduces soil compaction. Efficient Irrigation techniques
enable farmers to grow multiple crops in a year. It also enhances the productivity of crops. Higher yields
can be obtained by this. Irrigation also protects crops against insufficient rainfall and drought.