Question

Write any two differences below bonding molecular orbital and antibonding molecular orbital.

Answer 1

Hint: Basically, molecular orbital theory is a theory based on chemical bonding. It is used to describe the structure and properties of different molecules. To solve this question, we need to know the different types of molecular orbitals and their properties.

Complete step by step answer:
Basically, in molecular theory, the total number of molecular orbitals formed are always equal to the total number of atomic orbitals offered by the bonding species. The electrons are filled into molecular orbitals in the increasing order of orbital energy i.e. from the orbital with the lowest energy to the orbital with the highest energy. Now, there are different types of molecular orbitals such as bonding molecular orbitals, antibonding orbitals and non-bonding molecular orbitals.
Now, let’s discuss different types of orbitals. The molecular orbital refers to the space in a molecule in which the probability of finding an electron is maximum. These are basically mathematical functions that describe the wave nature of electrons in a given molecule. The first one is anti-bonding molecular orbitals. The probability of finding the electron in the inter nuclear region decreases in the antibonding molecular orbitals. Moreover, they have high energy because of repulsive forces and lower stability. The electrons present in these orbitals result in the repulsion between the two atoms.
The other one is bonding molecular orbitals. In this, the probability of finding the electron in the internuclear region is greater than that of combining atomic orbitals. Moreover, the electrons present in the bonding molecular orbital result in the attraction between the two atoms. Both the orbitals are as shown:

Note: In case of non-bonding molecular orbitals, due to complete lack of symmetry in the compatibility of two bonding atomic orbitals, the molecular orbitals formed have no positive or negative interactions with each other. Moreover, these types of orbitals do not affect the bond between the two atoms.