Question

Write the name and uses of two strong acids and two strong bases.

Answer 1

Hint: Acids are the substances which have the ability to donate \[{H^ + }\] ions and bases have the ability to accept \[{H^ + }\] ions. The pH of acid is less than 7, while for bases it is more than 7. Acid when combined with bases undergo neutralization to form salt.

Complete Solution :
Let’s first learn about acids.
- Acids are the substance which can give \[{H^ + }\] ions when dissolved in water.
- Acid is an ionic compound.
- Acid when reacts with base it forms salt. This is known as neutralization.
 - When acid reacts with some metals it can produce gas. For example,
\[2HCl + Zn \to {H_2} + ZnC{l_2}\]

- Acid when dissolved in water, will give ions, which conducts electricity.
- When the pH value of a solution is below 7, it is said to be acidic.
- Acid can exist in two forms. They are weak acid and strong acid.
- Acids are substances which can dissociate only partially into \[{H^ + }\] ions when dissolved in water is known as weak acid. Examples are acetic acid, hydrogen sulphide, formic acid.
- Acids which can completely ionize into \[{H^ + }\] ions when dissolved in water are called strong acids. Examples are hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid.

Now let’s move to base.
- Bases are the substance which can give \[O{H^ - }\] ions when dissolved in water.
- Bases when reacted with acid it forms salt.
- When the pH value of a solution is above 7, it is said to be basic.
- Bases are also classified into two types: they are weak bases and strong bases
- Bases are substances which can dissociate only partially into \[O{H^ - }\] ions when dissolved in water is known as weak Bases. Examples are ammonium hydroxide, ammonia, pyridine.
- Bases are substances which can completely ionize into \[O{H^ - }\] ions when dissolved in water are called strong bases. Examples are sodium hydroxide, barium hydroxide.

Uses of strong acid are given below.
- Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, paints and in storage batteries.
-Nitric acid is used in production of explosives, dyes and paints.

Uses of strong bases are given below.
- Sodium hydroxide is used in the manufacture of rayon, paper and soap.
Calcium used for the manufacture of bleaching powder.

Comparison of acid and bases

ACIDS	BASES
It is sour in taste.	Bases are bitter in taste. Soapy to touch.
Acid changes blue litmus paper into red.	The Base turns red litmus paper into blue.
pH value is below 7.	pH value is above 7.

Note: Acid and bases are classified into three types. They are
- Arrhenius Acid/bases.
- Lowry-Bronsted acid/Bases.
- Lewis acid/bases.