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Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Notes: CBSE History Chapter 8

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Class 7 History Chapter 8 Notes on Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Download FREE PDF

Vedantu provides CBSE Class 7 History Revision Notes for the chapter Eighteenth-Century Political Formations. This chapter focuses on the key political changes in India during the 18th century, highlighting the decline of the Mughal Empire, the rise of regional powers, and the formation of new political structures. These notes will help students grasp the important events and shifts that shaped this period, making it easier to prepare for exams.

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Table of Content
1. Class 7 History Chapter 8 Notes on Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Download FREE PDF
2. Access Class 7 History Chapter 8 Notes on Eighteenth-Century Political Formations
    2.1The Crisis of the Empire and the Later Mughals
    2.2The emergence of New States
    2.3The Old Mughal Provinces
    2.4Similarities between states
    2.5The Watan Jagirs of the Rajputs
    2.6The Sikhs 
    2.7The Marathas
    2.8The Jats
3. 5 Important Topics of History Chapter 8 18th-century Political Formations Class 7 Notes
4. Importance of History Chapter 8 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Notes
5. Tips for Learning the Class 7 History Chapter 8 Eighteenth Century Political Formation
6. Related Study Materials for Class 7 History Chapter 8 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations
7. Chapter-wise Revision Notes Links for Class 7 History
8. Important Study Materials for Class 7 Social Science 
FAQs


By referring to the CBSE Class 7 Social Science Syllabus, students can ensure they cover all the important topics included in this chapter. The Revision Notes for Class 7 History by Vedantu are designed to simplify complex ideas, provide clear summaries, and help students with quick and effective revisions.

Access Class 7 History Chapter 8 Notes on Eighteenth-Century Political Formations

In the eighteenth century, the political situation influenced the geographical division of India. 

The shrinkage of the Mughal Empire gave way to the emergence of independent kingdoms. The invasion of Britishers played an essential role in this. 

Following are the highlights about rulers from 1707, which was from around the time of Aurangzeb's death to the third battle of Panipat, which happened in 1761.


The Crisis of the Empire and the Later Mughals

● At the end of the 7th century, Emperor Aurangzeb went through a difficult period when he waged a protracted war in the Deccan and exhausted his wealth and military power. The power of the government is collapsing. The nobles took control over their regions, and the revenue of the capital declined. 

● The pressure to increase taxes caused resistance from farmers and zamindari. 

● Some leaders try to gain power. 

● These circumstances enabled local nobles, chiefs, and rebels to acquire great power. 

● The invasion of Afghan rulers also increased the economic status of the Mughals. 

● Competition between various nobles, namely the Iranis and the Taranis, further accentuates the empire's decline.


The emergence of New States

● Due to the reasons mentioned above, the Mughal empire was divided into many regional fragments.

● The eighteenth-century states can be classified into three states. They were:

1. States that were old Mughal provinces and did not break ties with the Mughal empire.

2. States that had experienced freedom under the Mughals.

3. States that seized their independence after a long-armed struggle.


The Old Mughal Provinces

● Important provinces of Mughals were Awadh, Bengal, and Hyderabad


1. Hyderabad 

● NizamulMulk Asaf Jah, the founder of Hyderabad, was an influential member of the court of the Mughal Emperor Farouk Sial. 

● He was assigned to manage Awad and then was set to take over Deccan. 

● Later, he took power into his own hands and became the true ruler of that area. 

● The Mughal Emperor has just approved Nizam's decision. 

● Hyderabad fought the Marathi in the west and the independent Telugu warlords. 

● Nizam's goal of controlling the affluent textile production areas on the east coast of the Coromandel was hindered by the British.


2. Awadh 

● Awadh Burhanul Mulk Sa'adat Khan was the leader of Awadh in 1722. 

● Due to Bangladeshi trade and rich alluvial soil, Awadh is a prosperous area. 

● Burhanul Mulk attempted to reduce the Mughal influence on Awad by changing his imperial officers. 

● Seized fertile farmland from several Afghans in Rajput zamindars and Rohilkhand. 

● Taxes are awarded to bidders who pay a fixed amount to the state. 

● These developments allow new social groups, such as moneylenders and bankers, to influence management. 


3. Bengal 

● Bengal was out of Mughal control, and Murshid Quli Khan appointed him deputy governor. 

● Like other rulers, he is also in charge of the country's tax administration. 

● Transferred all Mughal Jagirdars to Odisha and reassessed Bangladeshi income to reduce the Mughal influence in Bangladesh. 

● Strictly collect large amounts of cash from all zamindars. 

● Many zamindars are forced to borrow money from bankers and moneylenders. 

● Those who cannot pay have to sell their land to larger zamindars.


Similarities between states

● Although the ancient Mughal nobles established several larger countries, they doubted some of them, especially the Jagilda system.

● Their method of tax collection was different. Instead of relying on the officers of the state, all three states agreed with revenue farmers for collecting revenue.

● In all these local states, a fundamental point was their relationship with wealthy bankers and merchants who lent money to revenue farmers, received property as collateral, and obtained taxes from these properties through their agents.


The Watan Jagirs of the Rajputs

● Numerous Rajput kings had worked under the Mughals with perfection.

In turn, they are allowed freedom in their Watan jagirs. 

● In the 18th century, these rulers were now trying to increase their power over nearby areas.


The Sikhs 

● In the seventeenth century, the local political area of Sikhs pioneers helped in the development of Punjab. 

● Guru Gobind Singh presented the Khalsa in 1699. What's more, after his demise in 1708, the Khalsa, under the initiative of Banda Bahadur Singh, rebelled against the Mughals. 

● They pronounced their sovereign standard by striking coins for the sake of Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind Singh and set their organization between the Sutlej and the Jamuna. 

● Banda Bahadur was caught in 1715 and killed in 1716.


The Marathas

● Shivaji (16271680) created a mighty kingdom, challenged the Mughals. 

●After Shivaji's death, a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas took charge of Maratha. 

●Pune became the capital of the Maratha Kingdom. 

●Marathi developed a prosperous military system that weakened Mughal power. 

●Marathas captured Malwa and Gujarat from Mughals in the 1720s. After the 

Delhi raid, the Marathi seized provinces and were forced to pay tribute. 

In turn, Marathas gained support from the Battle of Panipat Chanderi. Silk producers have now found a market in Pune, the capital of Maratha. 

The Marathi government is effective.


The Jats

● Like the other states, the Jats combined their power during the late seventeenth and eighteenth- centuries.

● Under Churaman, they acquired control over territories situated to the west of Delhi and the cities of Agra.

● The Jats were prosperous agriculturists.

● Panipat and Ballabgarh became important trading

centers.


5 Important Topics of History Chapter 8 18th-century Political Formations Class 7 Notes

S. No

Important Topics

1

Decline of the Mughal Empire

2

Rise of Regional Powers

3

Emergence of New States

4

Role of Marathas

5

Formation of Independent Kingdoms


Importance of History Chapter 8 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Notes

  • Revision notes help us quickly understand and remember key concepts before exams.

  • They save time by focusing on essential information and skipping unnecessary details.

  • These notes simplify complex topics, making them easier to understand and use.

  • They provide practical examples that show how theoretical knowledge is used in real-life situations.

  • Revision notes ensure thorough preparation by covering all important topics in a structured manner.

  • They increase confidence by clearly understanding what to expect in exams.

  • Accessible formats like PDFs allow for easy studying anytime and anywhere.


Tips for Learning the Class 7 History Chapter 8 Eighteenth Century Political Formation

  • Focus on how the decline of the Mughal Empire led to the rise of regional powers and the formation of new states.

  • Identify and list the major regional powers like the Marathas, Rajputs, and others, and understand their role in shaping the political landscape.

  • Learn about significant leaders of the regional powers, such as Shivaji for the Marathas, and understand their contributions to the political changes during this period.

  • Relate the political changes in this chapter to earlier chapters to see how the decline of the Mughal Empire led to the rise of regional powers.

  • Relate the concepts to real-life examples or current events to make them easy and more understandable.


Conclusion

The Revision Notes for Class 7 History Chapter 8 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations by Vedantu provide a clear and concise summary of the key political changes that occurred during the 18th century in India. These notes help students understand the decline of the Mughal Empire, the rise of regional powers, and the formation of new states, making it easier to grasp the complexities of this period. By using these revision notes, students can prepare effectively for their exams and gain a better understanding of the important events that shaped India's political history.


Related Study Materials for Class 7 History Chapter 8 Eighteenth-Century Political Formations


Chapter-wise Revision Notes Links for Class 7 History


Important Study Materials for Class 7 Social Science 

FAQs on Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Notes: CBSE History Chapter 8

1. Do merchants and bankers still have the same impact as they had back in the eighteenth century Political Formations Class 7 Notes?

Back in the 18th century, the merchants had a very influential impact as compared to the bankers. These merchants provided more loan opportunities, but higher interest rates accompanied these. However, the present-day scenario has changed. People prefer taking loans from banks and other financial assistance at cheaper rates. Alongside, the banks also provide ample scope of loans for several purposes.

2. Which policies did Asif Jha adopt to strengthen his position and his rule in Eighteenth-Century Political Formations Class 7 Notes?

To strengthen his position as a ruler of the Deccan, Asif Jha started adapting several policies which include:

  • Bringing in skilled soldiers and administrations from northern India. 

  • Appointed the mansabdars and granted them Jagirs. 

  • Ruled independently without many interferences. Alongside, the Mughal emperor also confirmed the decisions that Asif Jha took.

3. What were the primary political structures during the 18th century?

The primary political structures during the 18th century encompassed the absolute monarchy system, constitutional monarchies, republics, and dictatorships.

4. In what ways did the Enlightenment impact political structures during the 18th century?

The Enlightenment fostered the concept of personal liberties and the division of authority, resulting in the emergence of constitutional monarchies and republics. It also questioned the validity of absolute monarchy and facilitated the rise of democratic movements.

5. How can I effectively revise Social Science?

To revise Social Science effectively, create a study schedule, review your class notes and textbooks, make concise summary notes, use visual aids like charts or diagrams, practice answering past exam questions, and seek clarification from your teachers or our Vedantu master teachers if needed.

6. How can I remember historical events and dates in 18th-century Political Formations Class 7 Notes?

To remember historical events and dates, create mnemonic devices or acronyms, associate events with vivid mental images, use flashcards, make a timeline, and practice recalling information regularly through Vedantu’s LIVE quizzes or discussions with our experts.

7. What were the main reasons for the decline of the Mughal Empire as discussed in Class 7 History Chapter 8 Notes?

The decline of the Mughal Empire was mainly due to weak successors, internal conflicts, and increasing regional power, as covered in Chapter 8.

8. Who were the major regional powers that emerged during the 18th century according to the Class 7 History syllabus?

The major regional powers included the Marathas, Sikhs, Rajputs, and others, who gained prominence during the 18th century.

9. How did the political landscape of India change during the 18th century as described in Chapter 8 of Class 7 History?

The political landscape changed with the rise of independent kingdoms and the weakening of central Mughal control, leading to regional rule.

10. How does Chapter 8 of Class 7 History help students understand the formation of new states in the 18th century?

Chapter 8 explains how the decline of the Mughal Empire and the rise of regional powers led to the formation of new states, helping students grasp these important historical developments.