Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis

The reproduction chapter in science acquaints the students with the origin of the human race.  A student is able to scientifically approach the questions of human beings and their existence in her normal span of life. The same topic is very essential from the examination point of view. Every year a considerable number of questions are asked from this topic and preparing it can grant students a good score for the class test or the final exams.

With the aim to set off productive growth of students and provide them a push to score better in the exams, Vedantu has published a very informative article on Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis. The article could also be found in PDF format. It is available on Vedantu. The PDF is totally free of cost and doesn’t require any prior registration for the download.  Students can access the file on Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis from any device be it apple, android, or windows.  Studying the Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis couldn’t get easier and more interesting. Read now!

The Scientific Origin of Human Beings

Every life starts with a zygote. A zygote is a 2n cell formed by the fusion of a sperm and an egg.  The sperm is the male reproductive cell, and the egg is the female reproductive cell. The fusion of these cells is called fertilization, and it results in the production of the zygote. The zygote then proliferates, divides and differentiates into different tissues and organs of the body. All the information on these pathways of cell division and differentiation is encoded in the sperm and the egg. Therefore it is important to study how these cells are formed and the differences in the processes underlying it.

How are Sperm produced?

Sperms are considered as the male gametes produced in the testis. The process of sperm production in the male testis is called spermatogenesis.

Sperms are produced from the mother cell called spermatogonium. These cells are present in small tubules of the male testis. The spermatogonium is a diploid cell containing 2n chromosomes. The spermatogonium divides into four, haploid (n) spermatozoa.

Spermatogonium arises from spermatogenic germs cells. These germ cells are stem cells that have the capability of self-renewing. Differentiation of spermatogenic germ cells results in the formation of intermediate spermatogonium, which further undergoes mitosis to produce type B spermatogonia. These type B spermatogonia further undergo mitosis to produce primary spermatocytes. The primary spermatocytes undergo meiosis I to produce secondary spermatocytes. The secondary spermatocytes then undergo meiosis II and produce four haploid spermatids. These spermatids finally undergo spermatogenesis to produce the sperm tail.

Spermatogenesis commences when the males attain puberty and continue for the rest of their lives. Millions of sperms are produced in the process every day. Spermatic development takes place about 70 days in humans.  

How are Eggs produced?

Eggs are produced in the ovary of females by a process called oogenesis. It is produced from the oogonia present in the ovary. The egg or the ovum is produced from the diploid primary oocyte by meiosis. Two polar bodies are also formed during meiosis I and II. Unlike spermatogenesis that occurs every day, oogenesis occurs once a month, starting from puberty and ending at menopause.

Similar to spermatogonia, the first female reproductive cell is the oogonia, which is a stem cell. Therefore oogonia have the ability of self-renewal and self-differentiation. Thousands of oogonia divide into around seven million germ cells from the second to the seventh month of embryonic development. The oogonia divide by mitosis to produce the primary oocyte. These primary oocytes undergo meiotic division till the diplotene stage in the embryonic stage, after which it stalls the process of cell division and attains a quiescent stage. The cell division process is arrested until the girl attains puberty. Some primary oocytes have also been found to be arrested until 50 years of age. Most primary oocytes are destroyed, and around 400 primary oocytes divide into gametes. Upon attaining puberty, the arrestation on the cell division process is lifted, the process continues, and primary oocytes divide into secondary oocytes. However, this division is unequal, and one secondary oocyte and one polar body are formed from a primary oocyte. The cytoplasm is contained in the secondary oocytes, while the nucleus in the polar body is destroyed. During ovulation, these secondary oocytes are released from the ovary.

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, although taking place in two different individuals, have certain similarities and dissimilarities. The difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis are as follows.

 Spermatogenesis Vs Oogenesis

Apart from these spermatogenesis and oogenesis differences, there are some similarities between the two processes. The similarities between spermatogenesis and oogenesis are: 

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the two most important processes in life. To distinguish between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is easy since it can be done by their location and the final product. Sperms are small in size, have a distinct tail, which makes them motile. However, an ovum is larger without any tail and is non-motile. These cells contain a set of chromosomes so that when they fuse to form the zygote, the resulting cell becomes diploid (2n).

Moreover, these cells are the carriers of the genetic information from the parents to the offspring, and also contain the information of differentiation of the zygote and the embryo to the different tissue processes. These cells form the basis of hereditary relationships in any organism. Any kind of genetic mutation in these cells might reflect in the process of development, which can be detected as early as in the embryonic stage or might surface at some later stages of life.

Benefits of the Article

After reading the article one can be in a position to understand the entire journey of a sperm and an egg. One can point out the Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis which play a very important role in the formation of reproductive cells in males and females respectively.

Students can download the article in PDF format and take notes from it. If one doesn’t have a habit of making notes, she can try underlining the important terms and revise them over and over. The article clears all sorts of queries of students on the subject and allows them to have total clarity on the topic of Differences between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis.

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