Hormones - Heart, Kidney, GIT

Hormones Produced by Kidney

Function

Erythropoietin

The hormone is released by kidney when oxygen levels in the blood are low. It acts in the bone marrow and stimulates the production of mature red blood cells (RBCs). The hormone also maintains healthy oxygen levels in our tissues.

Calcitriol or Vitamin D

Most of the Calcitriol in the blood is inactive and it is modified by the kidney and other tissues to activate it. Active calcitriol stimulates the uptake of calcium from food. The hormone is important for the maintenance of healthy bones. It also helps to regulate the response of the immune system to infection.

Prostaglandins

These are hormone-like substances, made from lipid. Prostaglandins are one way in which the production of renin is stimulated. Renin is an enzyme, also produced by the kidneys that has a major role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone hormonal system, which helps to control blood pressure.

Hormones Produced by Heart

Function

Atrial Natriuretic Factor (ANF)

It is also called the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP), it is a peptide hormone that secreted from the cardiac cells of the body. This hormone regulates blood volume and arterial blood pressure. It is also a potential vasodilator and dilates blood vessels to reduce pressure.

Hormones of GIT

Function

Gastrin

The presence of food in the stomach induces the mucous membrane in the pyloric region to produce this hormone. 

Gastrin stimulates the secretion of gastric juices such as HCI and enzymes from the oxyntic and peptic cells of the stomach mucosa.

Secretin

The presence of food particles in duodenum causes the secretion of secretin from duodenal mucosa into blood. 

The target site of this hormone is the pancreas. Secretin promotes secretion of pancreatic juice from pancreas.

Pancreozymin

It is secreted from the duodenal mucosa and its target site is the pancreas like that of secretin. 

This hormone controls the number of pancreatic enzymes to be secreted while secretic controls the volume of pancreatic juice.

Cholecystokinin

The duodenal mucosa secretes this hormone, in response to the presence of food in the duodenum.

The hormone reaches its target site, which is the gallbladder and contracts it rhythmically so that flow of bile occurs into the duodenum.

Enterocrinin

This hormone is secreted from the mucous membrane of both small and large intestines. It stimulates the small intestine to produce intestinal juice or succus entericus (a mixture of many enzymes).

Enterogastrone

The presence of fat particles in the small intestine stimulates the intestinal mucosa to produce Enterogastrone. It stops the secretion of gastric juice in the stomach. This is a protective adaptation by which excess HCI secretion in the stomach is regulated.

Gastric inhibitory peptide

This hormone inhibits the action of gastric glands and inhibits gastric secretion.

Hormones of Liver

Function

Angiotensin

In the presence of renin produced from the kidney, this hormone controls the rise in blood pressure.