Mange

Mange is a skin disease that is caused by parasites. The mites can also infect plants, birds, and reptiles, so the term commonly known as mange indicates poor fur condition due to infection and is sometimes only used for pathological infestation of mites from non-human mammals Therefore, mange includes mite-related skin diseases of domestic animals that can be dogs and cats, domestic animals such as sheep mange, and wild animals such as coyotes, mountain lions, and bears. Since mites belong to the class of arachnids, another term for mite infestation is mite disease. The parasitic mites that cause mange in mammals are embedded in the skin or hair follicles of animals, depending on the genus. Sarcoptes and Demodex genus. Sarcoptes species causes sarcoptic mange. It lives in the hair follicles. Mange in humans has two types of mite infections which are called mange in hairy mammals and are called mange and demodicosis, respectively. Further, we will discuss types of mange and treatment of mange in dogs. 

Demodicosis 

Demodicosis is also known as red mange, demodicosis is caused by the over-population and sensitivity of Demodex. The two types of demodicosis are localized and generalized. Localized contains four or fewer points. Demodex mites are not zoonotic and cannot be transferred between species. Each host species has its own species of Demodex. For example, dogs are the host for canine Demodex mites, and cats are the host for feline Demodex mites. A type of Demodex infection is known in humans, but symptoms are less common. Demodex folliculorum is a kind of tiny mite that can only live on human skin. Most people have folliculorum on their skin. Mites do not usually cause any harm and are therefore considered examples of symbiosis rather than parasitism. If folliculorum causes disease, it is called demodicosis. 

Demodex Folliculorum

Demodex folliculorum was not found in newborn babies, but it was acquired shortly after birth, most likely due to maternal contact. Mites are rarely found in children under ten years of age, but almost all elderly people have mites. Over time, the increase in population may be due to the initial presence of small amounts that gradually increase over time, or it may be due to the level of food, the sebum of the mites, which increases with age. Large amounts of folliculorum are associated with blepharitis and rosacea. The exact mechanism by which mites cause disease is unclear but they can physically block hair follicles and carry pathogenic bacteria, or after death, their bodies can cause delayed hypersensitivity or innate immune responses. Whether a large number of follicular hair follicles can cause rosacea, or whether the skin environment caused by rosacea is more prone to breed mites than normal skin, thereby allowing the mites to multiply, there is controversy. The number of folliculorum is also increasing in immunosuppressed people. 

Sarcoptic Mange 

Sarcoptic mange, also known as canine mange or mange dog disease. Sarcoptic mange is a highly contagious mange mite infection. Canis, that is a burrowing mite. Dog meat mites can also infect cats, pigs, horses, sheep, and several other species. Because of a closely related species, the human analog of burrow mite infection is called mange. It is also known as a seven-year-itch. 

Burrowing mites belong to the family Sarcoccididae. They penetrate deep and penetrate the skin and produce an allergic reaction to the faeces and scabs of the mites, which can cause intense itching and soon become infected. Hair loss and scabs usually first appear on the elbows and ears. Severe scratches and bites from dogs can damage the skin. Secondary skin infections are also common in cases of infections of sarcoptic mange. Sarcoptic mange in dogs is often seen in poor condition. In animals and humans, immunosuppression caused by hunger or any other disease causes this type of mange to become a very crusty form, in which the burden of mites is much greater than that of health.

[Image will be uploaded soon]

Diagnosis 

To diagnose different types of mange in dogs, the doctors and medical practitioners generally attempt to diagnose skin scrapings in multiple areas and then check for mites under a microscope. Sarcoptes mites, because they can be present in relatively small numbers, and because they are often killed by the dog's own chewing, can be difficult to test. Therefore, the diagnosis of mange is usually based on symptoms, rather than confirming the presence of mites. A common and simple way to determine if a dog has mange is if it has the so-called "pedal atrial reflex", that is, when the ear is manipulated and scratched, the dog moves one of its hind legs in a scratching motion. The Examiner Slightly ground, as in almost all cases, the mites will breed at the edge of the ear, so this method is effective more than 95% of the time. This is useful in cases where all the symptoms of mange are present but the mites are not seen under a microscope. The test is also positive in animals with ear mites, which are ear canal infections caused by different but closely related mites and the treatment is usually the same. In some countries, available serological tests can aid diagnosis. 

Treatment For Mange in Dogs

Affected dogs are sometimes isolated from other dogs and their litter, and the area they occupy must be thoroughly cleaned. Other dogs in contact with confirmed cases should be evaluated and treated. Many parasite treatments can be used to treat canine mange. It is effective to use lime sulfide rinses that are a mixture of calcium polysulfide once a week or every two weeks. The concentrated form used as a fungicide for plants should be diluted at 1:16 or 1:32 for animal skin. Selamectin is authorized in several countries to treat dogs by veterinary prescription. It is applied directly to the skin as a dose, once a month (the drug will not eliminate). Ivermectin, an older related drug, is also effective and can be administered orally 2 to 4 times a week, or until two negative skin abrasions are obtained. However, oral ivermectin is not safe to use in some sheepdog-like sheepdogs because there may be homozygous MDR1 mutations that allow it to enter the brain and increase its toxicity. Ivermectin injection is also very effective, with one to four doses every week or every other week, but the same restrictions apply to MDR1 dogs. 

Affected cats can be treated with fipronil and milbemycin oxime. 0.01% of topical ivermectin in 

Oil has been reported to be effective against all mite infections in humans and many animals especially ear mite infections where animals cannot lick the treated area, but the absorption rate is very low. Systemic toxicity is less likely to occur at these sites. However, topical ivermectin has not been fully tested to be approved for this use in dogs and is theoretically much more dangerous in areas where animals may lick the treatment area. In sheepdogs and MDR1 dogs, selamectin applied to the skin has some of the same theoretical problems as ivermectin, but has been approved for use in all dogs, provided treatment is within the first month. observed for 8 hours. Topical permethrin is also effective for dogs and humans, but it is toxic to cats. 

Afoxolaner treated orally with a chewable tablet containing 2.27% afoxolaner has been shown to be effective against dog mange and Demodex mange.

Mange mites can be transmitted to humans who have been in contact with infected animals for a long time. The difference from human mange is that it is distributed on the surface of the skin covered by clothing. For the treatment of human sarcoma infection, see mange. For human Demodex infection, its severity is not as severe as that of animals with thicker fur.