Teeth Structure and Function - Understanding the Process of Digestion

Teeth are present in an organism because they help organisms eat things. Teeth are considered the hardest material in the human body. They are used for cutting, tearing, crushing and grinding the food we eat. The first tooth in human beings begins to grow when a child is around 6 months old. 

The front teeth are the ones which appear first and these sets of teeth are known as ‘milk teeth’.  When the milk teeth fall off, adult teeth begin to grow.

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Teeth Structure

Human teeth structure is made of pulp, dentine and enamel which you can also see in the diagram given below. The white part of the tooth is known as the enamel, which is also the outside layer of the tooth. The dentine on the other hand is the soft, more yellow layer which is present underneath and the pulp is the part of the tooth where the nerves are found. 

The part of the tooth which is present above the surface is known as the crown and the part found in the gum is known as the root.

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What Can Happen To Our Teeth? 

People who don't take good care of their teeth and don’t maintain good hygiene can become damaged. Sometimes, in the worst-case scenario, their teeth can also fall off. Since adults only have one pair of adult teeth, if they lose them, the teeth will not grow back. 

Food and bacteria build up in the unhealthy teeth. The teeth that have cavities and are unhealthy are prone to plaque. Bacteria attack the teeth causing them to rot and turn black. 

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What Are Animal Teeth Like? 

Different animals have teeth that are different on the basis of whether an animal is a carnivore, herbivore or omnivore. This is because different types of teeth help animals eat different types of food. Some animals just need to chew their food, but some animals need teeth for hunting, tearing flesh, biting and protecting themselves from predators, as you can see in the images given below.

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What Happens When We Eat? 

The food which we eat needs to be digested and thus when we eat, our food enters the digestive system. The digestive system in animals helps to digest the food in order to absorb the nutrients and break down the complex food. For this purpose, the digestive system includes many different organs that process the food which we eat. Without the digestive system, organisms would not be able to function and would not gain energy. 

Digestive System and Process of Digestion

Once food has been chewed and swallowed with the help of the teeth, the food travels down the oesophagus and enters the stomach. The stomach is responsible for breaking down the food and making food easy to digest. The food from the stomach then travels to the small intestine. The small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the food and completes the digestion with help of various secretions. The food then finally travels into the large intestine, then to the rectum and anus and finally gets rid of the waste from the human body. 

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Role of Different Organs in the Digestive System

Stomach

Food stays here for around four hours. Here the food is broken down into smaller pieces and mixed into a paste. The acid in our stomach kills a lot of bad bacteria that could make us sick.

Liver

Food does not pass through or into our liver but the liver plays an important role in our digestive system. The liver produces bile which helps break up fat into smaller pieces.

Small Intestine

In the small intestine, food is mixed with juices from the liver and pancreas. After this, the food is absorbed from the small intestine and around our body through our blood.

Large Intestine

The food which our body cannot use or does not need is stored until it is excreted out of our body through the excretory organs via the large intestine as waste. The large intestine is majorly responsible for the absorption of water. The large intestine converts the food waste into faeces.

Solved Questions

1. What are the teeth functions in the digestive system?

Ans: Teeth are a very important part of the digestive system. Teeth break down food to make swallowing easy and further digestion. The incisors, which are located in the middle front of the lower and upper jaws, cut pieces of the food which we eat. The molars help in the grinding and chewing of the food.

2. What are the 4 types of teeth that human beings have?

Ans: Adult human beings have about 32 permanent adult teeth, and the teeth are divided into four categories – incisors, canines, premolars and molars.

3. Why is digestion important in organisms?

Ans: Digestion is important for human beings because digestion helps in breaking down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. Food provides very important nutrients which help in the gain of the energy and functioning of the body.

Fun Facts

Do you know that you can fill two swimming pools with your saliva? We produce over 25,000 gallons of saliva. Saliva is extremely important, as it helps us to break down the complex food and digest it. It helps in chewing our food and protects our teeth from bacteria.

Summary

Teeth break down food to make swallowing easy and aid further digestion. Teeth are used for cutting, tearing, crushing and grinding the food we eat. Adult human beings have about 32 permanent adult teeth. The food which we eat needs to be digested and thus when we eat, our food enters the digestive system. The digestive system in animals helps to digest the food in order to absorb the nutrients and break down the complex food. 

Learning From Doing

Can you name the types of teeth which you have in your mouth?

Count how many teeth you have and what your adults have?

What are the types in which adult teeth are categorised?