IPO Full Form

IPO full form in Computers is Input-Process-Output. It is a model that is widely used in system analysis and software engineering for describing the structure of information processing programs or other programs. Many introductory Computer Programming and system analysis described the IPO model as the most basic structure for describing any process. 

What is the Full Form of IPO in Computers?

IPO full form in Computers is Input-Process-Output. 

In IPO, I represents Input, P represents  Process, and O represents Output.

Following are a Few Examples to Understand Input-Process-Output:

Using Washing Machine to Clean Clothes:

Input: Dirty Cloth

Processing: Washing Machine

Output: Clean Clothes

Using Toaster to Make Bread Toast

Input: Bread

Processing: Toasting

Output: Bread Toast

Full Form of IPO in Computer System

How Does Computer Work?

A computer is an electronic machine that works on the IPO model. The computer input is known as data and the output obtained after processing data, based on users' instruction is known as information. Raw facts and figures which can be processed using arithmetic and logical operations to receive information are known as data. 

There are Two Types of Processes That Can be Applied to Data. 

These are:

• Arithmetic Operations - Examples include addition, subtraction, multiplication, differential, square roots, etc. 

• Logical Operation - Examples include comparison operations like greater than, less than, equals to, opposite, etc.

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IPO Full Name - Meaning

What is Input, Process, and Output?

Input: Input is given in the form of letters, symbols, and click. It is given on a computer through a mouse or a keyboard.

Process: Processing takes place in the CPU, the brain of the computers. CPU work includes (calculation, comparisons, solving problems), producing output, and sending it to a reliable device for display.

Output: Output can be given in the form of words, numbers, pictures, or sound. The output is obtained from the computer through a monitor, speaker, or printer.

Let us now understand the devices used in the IPO model.

Input Processing Output Devices

Input processing output devices are the pieces of hardware that can be used by humans ( or other systems) to communicate with a computer.

Let us now briefly understand the devices that are used to enter data in computers, processing of information in computer systems, and receive output. 

Input Devices

Input devices are the devices that are used to enter data and instructions into a computer. The keyboard and mouse are the most widely used input devices.

The other input devices are a joystick, scanner, microphone, and light pen.

Processing Devices

Processing devices are the components authorized for the process of information in a  computer system. This includes devices such as CPU, motherboard, and memory.

Output Devices

The output devices are the devices used for getting the output. Monitor and Printer are commonly used output devices.

IPO Full Form in Banking

IPO bank full form, Initial Public Offering, is a process by which a private company first issues shares to the public. Through this process, a private company is converted into a public company. 

IPO Benefits 

When a company lists its security in the stock exchange, the money paid by the investor for the newly issued share directly goes to the company (primary offerings) as well as to the early investors who choose to sell half of their holdings (secondary offering) as a part of the larger IPO. An IPO enables companies to reach the potential to invest to provide themselves with capital for future growth, repayment of the debt, or working capital. A company that chooses to sell common shares is never required to pay the capital to its public investors. Those investors must be aware of the nature of the unpredictable open market to price and trade their shares.

After the IPO process, when shares are traded in the market, the money passes between the investors. For early investors who choose to sell part of their holdings during the IPO process, the IPO offers them an opportunity to monetize their investment. After the IPO process, the investors holding a large number of shares can either sell those shares in the open market or sell a large block of shares directly to the public at a fixed price through a secondary market offering. 

IPO Full Name, Initial Public Offering Offers the Following Benefits to the Company:

• Expanding and diversifying equity base.

• Entitling cheaper access to capital

• Enlarging exposure, prestige, and public image

• Greater flexibility as with the increase in cash, companies spend more money hiring first-rate employees and investing in fixed acquisition.

• Helps to attract better management and employees through liquid equity participation. 

• Creating multiple financial opportunities like equity, cheaper bank loans, convertible debts, etc. 

IPO Disadvantages

IPO Long-Form, Initial Public Offering Has Following Disadvantages:

• The IPO process is expensive, as investment bankers, and accountants impose large amounts of dollars for their services.

• A company is bound to disclose financial and business information.

• A lot of meaningful time, attention, and effort is required by management.

• Risk of not meeting the target of raising funds

• Circulation of information about the company which may be useful to competitors, suppliers, and customers

• Significant marketing, legal, and accounting costs, many of which are continuous.