Download Free PDF with Solutions of Refraction of Light Class 10, Chapter 6
1. Fill in the blanks and explain the completed sentences.
The Refractive index depends on the ............. of light.
The change in ................ of light rays while going from one medium to another is called refraction.
Ans:
a. Wavelength.
Refraction is the term used to describe the simple bending of light caused by the change in speed. The refraction will be greater the more the wavelength changes, hence the medium's refractive index will directly rely on the wavelength.
b. Direction of propagation
The ray of light is believed to move obliquely from one medium to another.
2. Prove the following statements.
If the angle of incidence and angle of emergence of a light ray falling on a glass slab are i and e respectively, prove that, i = e.
A rainbow is the combined effect of the refraction, dispersion, and total internal reflection of light.
Ans:
a) In the following figure, SR || PQ and NM is the refracted ray
Hence, r = i1.
Now gna = sin i/sin r and ang = sin i1/ sin e.
Also gna = \[1\]/ gna
Sin i /Sin r = Sin i / Sin i =1
As r = i
It follows that Sin i = Sin r
Where gna = refractive index of glass and air.
i = incidence angle
r = reflection angle
b)
1. The refraction, dispersion, internal reflection and further refraction of sunlight by water droplets present in the atmosphere form a rainbow in the sky.
2. There are seven colours in the sunlight, including violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. The atmosphere is full of water droplets after it has stopped raining. When sunlight strikes a water droplet, three things happen
light is refracted and dispersed as it travels from air to water.
light is internally reflected.
light is refracted as it travels from water to air.
3. Various colours have different refractive index with violet having the highest and red having the lowest. As a result light disperses (separates into distinct colours) as it travels from air to water.
4. A rainbow with red on the outside and violet on the inside is created by the combined action of various water droplets acting as small prisms. Between these two are the other five colours.
When the sun is behind the viewer and there are water droplets in front than a rainbow can be seen.
3. Mark the correct answer in the following questions.
A. What is the reason for the twinkling of stars?
Explosions occurring in stars from time to time
Absorption of light in the earth’s atmosphere
Motion of stars
Changing refractive index of the atmospheric gases.
Ans: The correct option is (iv) Changing refractive index of the atmospheric gases.
Because of atmospheric refraction, stars twinkle. The passage of light through many layers is what causes stars to twinkle. The densities and temperatures of these layers vary. This caused light beams to bend (refract) several times in a random direction.dg
B. We can see the Sun even when it is little below the horizon because of
Reflection of light
Refraction of light
Dispersion of light
Absorption of light
Ans: The correct option is (ii) Refraction of light.
Due to light, we can see the Sun even when it is slightly below the horizon.
Before they enter the Earth's atmosphere, the Sun's light beams travel in a straight path. The Sun's light beams obliquely enter the Earth's atmosphere. Refraction causes the light rays from the Sun to bend and this bending gets more severe as the refractive index of the successive layers gets thicker and thicker. We see the Sun early as a result of the light rays being bent by this. The same effect of light rays bending also causes us to see the Sun's apparent position at sunset rather than its real position.
C. If the refractive index of glass with respect to air is \[{\bf{3}}/{\bf{2}}\], what is the refractive index of air with respect to glass?
\[1/{\bf{2}}\]
\[{\bf{3}}\]
\[1/3\]
\[2/3\]
Ans: The correct option is (iv) 2/3
\[\begin{array}{l}^a{\mu _g} = \dfrac{{{n_a}}}{{{n_g}}} = \dfrac{3}{2}\\{\;^a}{\mu _g} = \dfrac{{{n_1}}}{{{n_2}}} = \dfrac{2}{3}\end{array}\]
4. Solve the following examples:
a) If the speed of light in a medium is\[{\bf{1}}.{\bf{5}}{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}{\bf{1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{8}}}\;{\bf{m}}/{\bf{s}}\], what is the absolute refractive index of the medium?
Ans: Given
v ( speed of light in a medium\[ = {\rm{ }}1.5{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}{10^8}\;m/s\]
c ( speed of light ) \[ = {\rm{ }}3{\rm{ }} \times {\rm{ }}{10^8}\;m/s\]
n (refractive index of the medium ) = ?
n = cv
\[\begin{array}{l} = 3 \times {10^8}m/s\\1.5 \times {10^8}m/s\;\\ = {\rm{ }}2\end{array}\]
This is the medium's absolute refractive index.
b. If the absolute refractive indices of glass and water are 3/2 and 4/3 respectively, what is the refractive index of glass with respect to water?
Ans: Given that
ng (refractive index of a glass) \[ = \dfrac{3}{2}\]
nw( refractive index of water) \[ = \dfrac{4}{3}\]
gw(refractive index of glass with respect to water) =?
ng = c / vg
nw = c / vw
gw = vw/ vg
gnw= ng / nw
\[\begin{array}{l}{n_{\rm{W}}} = \dfrac{c}{{{v_{\rm{W}}}}}\\{{\rm{g}}_{\rm{W}}} = \dfrac{{{v_{\rm{W}}}}}{{{v_{\rm{g}}}}}\\{\rm{g}}{n_{\rm{w}}} = \dfrac{{{n_{\rm{g}}}}}{{{n_{\rm{w}}}}}\\ = \dfrac{{\dfrac{3}{2}}}{{\dfrac{4}{3}}} = \dfrac{{3 \times 3}}{{4 \times 2}}\\ = \dfrac{9}{8}\end{array}\]
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