NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 Biotechnology: Principles and Processes Hindi Medium
FAQs on NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 11 - In Hindi
1. What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell?
The average Molecular Weight of a single base pair in a DNA is 650 daltons. A human DNA has 3.3 X 10 raised to power 9 base pairs. So, the molecular weight of DNA will be the number of base pairs X 650 Daltons which sums up to 2.15 X 10 to the power 12 Daltons.
The number of Moles will be 3.3 X 10 to the power 9 / Avogadro Number. Which gives 5.5 X 10 to power -15 moles of DNA. The Average volume of DNA is 5X 10 to power -12. So, the molarity of DNA of a human cell will be 5.5 X 10 to the power -15 / 5 X 10 to the power -12. Which will be equal to 0.0011 M.
2. Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases? Justify your answer.
No, Eukaryotic cells do not have restriction endonucleases. These restriction enzymes or endonucleases are isolated from several strains of bacteria. Bacteria use these restriction enzymes as a defence mechanism for themselves so they can avoid foreign viruses and in turn, their own DNA remains the same (unaffected). Eukaryotic cells use their RNA as a defence mechanism against foreign viruses' DNA. Hence, they do not have restriction endonucleases.
3. What is Meiosis? At what stage of Meiosis the recombinant DNA is formed?
Meiosis is the process by which there is a reduction of genetic material in the host body. Meiosis is divided into two different stages (Meiosis I and Meiosis II). While the Pachytene stage is in the progress of Prophase I, where the crossing over of non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is taking place. At this stage, the formation of recombinant DNA takes place where the genes of non-sister chromatids combine to form a new DNA.
4. What is the Origin of Replication?
Origin of Replication is the origin where the replication of DNA takes place. It is the genome sequence from where the replication takes place to make the copies of DNA. This replication of DNA can be in two directions. Uni-directional that is from one place only or Bi-directional that is from both sides. A protein sequence finds the site, unwinds the collided DNA, and starts the replication process.
5. Differentiate between Plasmid DNA and CHromosomal DNA?
Chromosomal DNA is the DNA present inside the chromosomes of the host cells. This DNA is independent and capable of replicating. Chromosomal DNA helps in giving different traits to different living organisms. Whereas Plasmid DNA is the extra DNA other than the chromosomal DNA. Like the chromosomal DNA, plasmid DNA is also independent and capable of replicating which is present in bacteria.