Question

Although all proteins are made of the same amino acids, explain how your proteins may be different from those of a dog.

Answer 1

Hint: Proteins are the polymers formed by the sequence of amino acids. The amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds. There are 20 amino acids present in the human body.

Complete Answer:
- The proteins are made up of several amino acids attached to one another by peptide bond and form a long chain. There are many types of protein structure.
1) Primary structure- It is mostly seen in the human body where the protein structure is made up of a linear chain of 20 amino acids.
2) Secondary structure- It is formed by the interaction between the amino acid chains. The functional groups form bonds between them and form folding in proteins.
3) Tertiary structure- It refers to the 3D structure of proteins. Further folding of secondary structure leads to tertiary protein structure.
These rigid structures help the protein carry out complex roles.

- In humans there are only 20 amino acids required to form necessary proteins.
- But in dogs, they require 22 amino acids to make necessary proteins.
- A dog’s body can make only half of the essential amino acids.
- Selenocysteine and Pyrrolysine is the essential amino acid found in dogs which is absent in humans.

Note: The amino acid composition of both humans and dogs are different. Thus the alignment of amino acids in the proteins will be different. This will lead to a difference in structure and nature of protein.