Question

What are macromolecules? Give examples.

Answer 1

Hint:Biomolecules contained in an insoluble fraction of acid are called macromolecules or bio-macromolecules. Biological macromolecules are large molecules, essential for life, and are composed of smaller organic molecules.

Complete answer:
Most of the cells have small carbon compounds that serve as building blocks for large molecules. Large compounds formed by the incorporation of smaller organic molecules are known as macromolecules or polymers. Polymers are formed by repeating units of identical or almost identical compounds known as monomers, along with a sequence of covalent bonds. The biological macromolecules are divided into four major classes - carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
Proteins are the building blocks of life. They are made of small carbon compounds called amino acids. Amino acids are made up of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and sometimes sulfur. All amino acids have the same general structure. Proteins are made up of a combination of about 20 amino acids. The amino acids are joined together by several covalent bonds called peptide bonds to form proteins.
Nucleic acids are complex macromolecules which store and transfer genetic information. They are composed of smaller nucleotide subunits. Nucleotides are made up of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and hydrogen atoms. There are six main nucleotides, all of which have three units- phosphate, ribose sugar and a nitrogenous base. Living organisms contain two types of nucleic acids: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA). The sugar of one nucleotide binds to the phosphate of another nucleotide in DNA and RNA.

Note:The acid soluble pool represents roughly the composition of the cytoplasm. The macromolecules from the cytoplasm and organelles form an insoluble element of acid. Every single cell in the body is made up of macromolecules.