Question

What are the four cardinal signs of inflammatory response?

Answer 1

Hint: Inflammation is a reaction that occurs when living tissues are damaged. Inflammatory response is the response of our body against infections. It can cause fever, swelling in the body etc.

Complete answer:
In several respects, the inflammation mechanism resembles a traditional biological stimulation–response system. In response to invading microorganisms, for example, the innate immune system engages the invaders first, followed by the adaptive immune system, which in most cases eliminates them. Its aim is to locate and eliminate the harmful agent as well as damaged tissue components so that the body can begin to heal.

Inflammatory response can sometimes cause symptoms that we believe is caused by the disease itself.
The ancients categorized inflammation into groups based on visual observation: redness (rubor), swelling (tumour), heat (calor; only applicable to the body's extremities), pain (dolor), and loss of function (functio laesa).

Therefore the four cardinal signs of infection are - swelling, redness, fever and pain (body ache).

Chemicals from our body's white blood cells penetrate our blood or tissues during inflammation to protect our body from invaders. This increases blood flow to the injured or infected region. It can make us feel hot and red. Fluid leaks into the tissues as a result of some of the additives, causing swelling.
Some redness at the wound site is common, but it should fade with time. However, if the surgical incision or wound remains red or has radiating lines, this is a sign of a wound infection known as lymphangitis.

Our body raises a fever in an attempt to destroy the virus or bacteria that caused the infection. When our body temperature is normal, most of those bacteria and viruses thrive. If we have a fever, though, they will have a tougher time surviving.

Body aches may be caused by infections. When this happens, the immune system sends out white blood cells to help battle the infection. This can cause inflammation, making the muscles in the body achy and rigid.

Note: In certain respects, the inflammation mechanism can be thought of as a classic homeostatic system, acting on a moment-by-moment basis to preserve organ and organism function.
A number of factors influence which cells and mediators are activated. These include the stage of inflation; the initiating case, such as the form of pathogen, auto-immune, chemical, or physical injury; and so on.