Question

Article 20-22 relates to the fundamental right to life and personal liberty. These rights are available to _____________.
(A) Citizens and non-citizens
(B) Natural persons as well as artificial persons
(C) Citizen only
(D) All persons who have juristic personality

Answer 1

Hint: Articles 12 to 35 under Part III of the Constitution enshrines the Fundamental Rights. The Fundamental Rights have derived inspiration from the Constitution of the USA i.e. the Bill of Rights.

Complete answer:
The Fundamental Rights are ‘justiciable’ in nature and are a comprehensive and very long list of rights. There are six Fundamental Rights currently, earlier there were seven out of which the Right to property has been made a legal right under Article 300-A in Part XII of the Constitution. The other Fundamental Rights are the Right to equality (Article 14-18), Right to freedom (Article 19-22), Right against exploitation (Article 23-24), Right to freedom of religion (Article 25-28), Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29-30), and Right to constitutional remedies (Article 32).
An accused person is granted protection against excessive and arbitrary punishment, whether citizen or foreigner or legal person like a company or corporation by Article 20. It contains three provisions in that direction which are no ex-post-facto law, no double jeopardy, and no self-incrimination.
Except according to the procedure established by law, no person shall be deprived of his life and personal liberty according to Article 21. Both citizens and non-citizens have access to this right.
All children of the age of six to fourteen years shall be provided free and compulsory education by the State in such a manner as the State may determine according to Article 21-A. Thus, only elementary education is made a Fundamental Right under this provision and not higher or professional education. Both citizens and non-citizens have access to this right.
Protection to persons who are detained or arrested is granted by Article 22. Both citizens and non-citizens have access to this right.

Thus, option (A) is correct.

Note: Articles 14, 20, 21, 21-A, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, and 28 are the Fundamental Rights that are available to all persons whether citizens or foreigners.