Question

Calculate the electronegativity of silicon using Allred Rochow method. Covalent radius of silicon is $1.175\,{A^ \circ }$.

Answer 1

Hint: We know Slater's guidelines are decisions that give the qualities to the compelling atomic charge idea, or \[{Z_{eff}}\]. These principles depend on trial information for electron advancement and ionization energies, and \[{Z_{eff}}\] are resolved from this condition:
\[{Z_{eff}} = Z - S\]
Where,
Z is the atomic charge,
Zeff is the viable atomic charge, and
S is the protecting consistent

Complete step by step solution:
Given data contains,
Radius of silicon r$ = 1.175{A^o}$
We know that, Allred Rochow equation,
$X = 0.359\dfrac{{{Z_{eff}}}}{{{r^2}}} + 0.744$
The effective nuclear charge is determined using the Slater’s rule,
The electronic configuration of silicon is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^2}$.
${Z_{eff}} = \left( {0.35 \times 3 + 0.85 \times 8 + 1 \times 2} \right)$
${Z_{eff}} = 4.15$
The electronegativity of silicon can be calculated by substituting known values we get,
$ \Rightarrow X = 0.359\dfrac{{4.15}}{{{{\left( {1.175} \right)}^2}}} + 0.744$
On simplification we get,
$ \Rightarrow X = 1.82$
The electronegativity of silicon is $1.82$.

Note:
We have to remember that Pauling set up Electronegativity as the "power" of an iota in an atom to draw in electrons to itself. It is a proportion of the molecule's capacity to pull in an electron to itself while the electron is as yet connected to another particle. The higher the qualities, the almost certain that iota can pull electrons from another particle and into itself. Electronegativity relates with bond extremity, ionization energy, electron fondness, successful atomic charge, and nuclear size.
The occasional pattern for electronegativity by and large increments from left to right and diminishes as it goes down the gathering. The exemption is Hydrogen and the respectable gases in light of the fact that the honorable gases are content with their filled peripheral shells, and hydrogen can't stand to lose a valence electron dissimilar to the remainder of the gathering 1 metals. The components in the halogen bunch as a rule have the most elevated electronegativity esteems since they just need to pull in one valence electron to finish the octet in their external shell. Though the gathering 1 component aside from Hydrogen, are happy to surrender their solitary valence electron so they can satisfy having a total, filled external shell.