Question

Chloramphenicol and erythromycin are produced by
A) Streptomyces and Bacillus
B) Streptomyces
C) Streptomyces and Penicillium
D) None of the above

Answer 1

Hint: Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic that is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections.Erythromycin is an antibiotic which is used to treat a variety of infections caused by bacteria. This entails infections of the respiratory tract, skin infections, infections with chlamydia, pelvic inflammatory disease, and syphilis.

Complete answer:
>Chloramphenicol is used as an eye ointment for the prevention of conjunctivitis. It is used orally or by injection into a vein to treat meningitis, plague, cholera, and typhoid fever. Its use by mouth or by injection is recommended only when it is not possible to use safer antibiotics.
>During care, monitoring all blood levels of the drug and blood cell levels every two days is recommended.Common side effects include suppression of the bone marrow, nausea and diarrhoea. >Death may result from suppression of the bone marrow.
>The treatment time should be as short as possible to reduce the risk of side effects. People with problems with their liver or kidneys can need lower doses. A disorder known as Gray Baby Syndrome may occur in young children, resulting in a swollen stomach and low blood pressure.
>Usually, its use at the end of pregnancy and during breastfeeding is not recommended.Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that, by stopping protein development, usually stops bacterial growth.After being isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae in 1947, chloramphenicol was found.
>Its chemical structure was recognised and first developed artificially in 1949, making it the first antibiotic to be developed instead of a micro-organism harvested. It is available as a generic drug.
>It is possible to give erythromycin intravenously and orally. To avoid eye infections in newborns, an eye ointment is regularly prescribed after birth.
>Common side effects include stomach cramps, vomiting , and diarrhoea. Clostridium difficile colitis, liver complications, prolonged QT, and allergic reactions can include more severe side effects. Generally speaking, it is healthy for those who are resistant to penicillin. In pregnancy, erythromycin also tends to be safe to use.
>Although usually considered safe during breastfeeding, its use by the mother may increase the risk of pyloric stenosis in the baby during the first two weeks of life. This risk also applies if taken directly by the baby during this period. It is in the antibiotic family of macrolides and works by reducing the development of bacterial protein.
>Erythromycin was isolated from the bacteria Saccharopolyspora erythraea formerly Streptomyces erythraeus for the first time in 1952.
>Streptomyces is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria which contributes to the production of erythromycin and chloramphenicol.

The correct answer is option (B) Streptomyces

Note:Erythromycin is present in most body fluids and accumulates in leukocytes and inflammatory fluids. By binding to the bacterial ribosome (blocking peptidyl transferase) and inhibiting protein synthesis, chloramphenicol prevents bacterial development.