Question

Define parthenogenesis.

Answer 1

Hint: We all know that Animals such as bees, wasps, ants have no sex chromosomes. These organisms are reproduced by parthenogenesis. The non-adaptive combination of genes is controlled by this. A few plants, reptiles, and fish are also efficient in reproducing in this manner. It takes place usually among lower plants and invertebrate animals.

Complete answer:
> Parthenogenesis takes place in animals, where an unfertilized ovum evolves into a new individual, which is a clone of a female and mostly haploid. The reproductive strategy, which requires the development of a female (rarely a male) gamete (sex cell) without fertilization.
> There are two types of parthenogenesis, they are the Natural Parthenogenesis and the Artificial Parthenogenesis.
> Where parthenogenesis occurs naturally in their life cycles, known as natural parthenogenesis.
> The fertilized eggs may sometimes be developed parthenogenetically by various chemical and physical matters. This is known as artificial parthenogenesis.
> Parthenogenesis assists in determining the sex of an individual in honey bees, wasps, etc.
> Variations from populations are removed by parthenogenesis.
> It is the simplest, most stable, and easy process of reproduction.
> Polyploidy in organisms is caused by this process.
> Temperature brings parthenogenesis in eggs.

Note:
> The organisms produced by parthenogenesis cannot live for long due to no recombination of genetic material. It helps in the development of advantageous mutant characters.
> The artificial Parthenogenesis is caused by ultraviolet light and electrical shocks.
> A few organisms such as crayfish, snakes, komodo dragons, and sharks can reproduce sexually as well as by parthenogenesis. This is known as facultative parthenogenesis.