Question

Define racemization and resolution.

Answer 1

Hint: Isomers are of two types: Geometrical isomers and Optical isomers. Optical isomers are named as this because of their effect on plane polarized light. Simple substances which show optical isomerism exist as two isomers which are known by the name enantiomers.

Complete answer:
Racemization is defined as the process which converts an optically active compound into the racemic modification. In simple manner racemization can also be defined as a process by which an optically active substance which can be dextro or levorotatory in nature is directly converted in a racemate mixture. It is a thermodynamically most favorable method as it proceeds spontaneously if there is a suitable pathway for interconversion of enantiomers.
Resolution is defined as the method in which a racemic mixture is divided into its constituent enantiomers where racemic is a sample of chiral compound having 1:1 mixture of enantiomers which are known as racemic.
The process of racemization is generally optically inactive in nature as it involves the conversion of half of its dextro form into its levo form so this forms the mixture to be optically inactive due to the presence of equal amounts of the two enantiomers. Racemization can be done by action of heat, chemical reagents and in some cases auto racemization also occurs.

Note:
A solution of enantiomer which rotates the plane of polarization in a clockwise direction are known as (+) enantiomer while a solution of the other enantiomer which rotates the plane of polarization in an anti-clockwise direction are known as the (-) enantiomer.