Question

Define the following:
A. Fusion
B. Fusion point
C. Solidification
D. Solidification point
E. Vaporisation
F. Boiling Point

Answer 1

Hint: All matters can change from one state to another. There are certain special points at which the substance shows transition into its state or phase. This can be done either by increasing the temperature or decreasing the temperature of the substance or by changing the pressure on the substance. These transitions are reversible, and does not affect the chemical properties of the substance.

Complete step by step answer:
a) The physical process that results in transition from liquid to solid state is known as Fusion. It is also known as melting point. This transition happens due to an increase in the internal energy of the liquid.
b) The temperature point at which the metals change their state from solid to liquid is known as Fusion point. At this point, the solid and liquid phase of any pure material can exist in equilibrium.
c) When the temperature of a liquid is lowered it turns into solid. This transition is known as Solidification. In general terms, it is known as Freezing. This transition usually happens due to cooling.
d) The temperature point at which an alloy changes from completely liquid to a completely solid state is known as Solidification point. During this transition, the alloy does not go through a partially liquid state.
e) Vaporisation is a phase transition of a liquid from liquid phase to the vapor. When the liquid attains sufficient energy from the surrounding it starts to convert from liquid to vapor. This energy from the surrounding can be in the form of heat or any other mechanical form of energy.
f) The temperature at which a liquid changes its state from liquid to vapor is known as Boiling point, At this point, the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid. Every substance has a different boiling point. Boiling point of a substance can vary according to the surrounding pressure.

Note:
A liquid at higher pressure has higher boiling point as compared to the liquid at lower pressure which has lower boiling point. Vaporisation can occur below boiling point also. Solidification points only occur in pure metals and alloys. In solidification, the heat is transferred from the substance with higher temperature to the substance with lower temperature. Fusion depends on the pressure. The fusion point of all the metals depend on their physical and chemical properties.