Question

Draw a labelled diagram of a synovial joint. Give one example each for a hinge joint, a pivot joint, axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Answer 1

Hint: A synovial joint is the type of joint found between two bones that move against each other, such as the joints of the limbs (e.g. shoulder, hip, elbow and knee).

In this question, we have asked about the synovial joint, examples of hinge joint, pivot joint, axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton.

Complete answer:

As we already mentioned, synovial joints are the type of joint found between two bones that move against each other. 

Example of hinge joint: In hinge joints, one bone end is rounded that fits into the hollow end of the other bone. So, the one bone moves and the other remains fixed, like the hinge of a door. The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.

Pivot joint: Pivot joints are the type of rotatory joint. The joint of the first and second vertebrae of the neck that allows the head to move back and forth, is the pivot joint.

Axial skeleton: The axial skeleton consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate. In humans, 86 bones are axial skeletons. The examples of Axial skeleton are: the skull, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column.

Appendicular skeleton: As the name suggests, these bones support the appendages. The examples of appendicular skeleton are shoulder girdle, lower ling and upper limb.

Note: Synovial joint joins bones or cartilage with a fibrous joint capsule which continues with the periosteum of the bone, and forms the outer boundary of a synovial cavity, and surrounds the bone articulating surface. The synovial cavity is filled with synovial fluid.