Question

What is fragmentation in organisms? Name a multicellular organism which reproduces by this method.

Answer 1

Hint: The splitting of cells into two parts which makes new bodies is known as fragmentation. Each of the fragments that is produced by fragmentation develop into a mature clone genetically and morphologically that are identical to its parent. Fragmentation process is a type of asexual reproduction or vegetative propagation which can be observed in some organisms. One of the very common types of vegetative reproduction in plants is fragmentation.

Complete answer:
It’s known as a splitting method of reproduction, fragmentation is seen in many organisms such as cyanobacteria, fungi, many plants, and also in animals which includes flatworms, sponges, some annelid worms and sea stars. As the name itself suggests, it is a type of cloning in which one organism gets divided into minor fragments. These fragments develop into different individuals once divided which are fully grown. One of the most important mechanisms that occur in a multicellular organism is the process of fragmentation. Various bodies or parts which are formed from this process are referred to as fragments. The process of fragmentation can occur both intentionally and unintentionally, which is one of its main characteristics. For example, a man-made cause or an environmental change can cause the organism to fragment and eventually develop into a complete and mature organism which is similar to the parent.
Example of a multicellular organism which reproduces by fragmentation process is Spirogyra. In Spirogyra, as the body matures, it will get broken into many smaller pieces or fragments due to strong water current. These fragments of Spirogyra will later grow into new individuals.

Note:
As the process of fragmentation is a form of asexual reproduction, it does not produce genetic diversity in the offspring. Therefore, organisms which reproduce by fragmentation are more vulnerable to changing environments, parasites and diseases. The process of fragmentation can also be used to artificially propagate many plants via division, layering, cuttings, micropropagation, grafting, and storage organs.