Question

Give examples of Young Fold Mountains.

Answer 1

Hint: The process of orogeny creates fold mountains. Fold mountains are created where two or more of Earth’s tectonic plates are pushed together and the collision leads to rock and debris to be folded into rocky outcrops and mountains.

Complete answer: The fold mountains are formed at convergent boundaries and are mostly associated with continental crusts and sedimentary rocks. There are two types of fold mountains-young fold mountains and old fold mountains.
Young fold mountains are the mountains of the tertiary period. Young fold mountains are further subdivided into Andean fold and Himalayan fold. Andean fold are found at ocean- continent convergent boundaries and both earthquakes and volcanoes are common in these areas.
Himalayan fold is found in continent -continent convergent boundaries. Unlike the Andes fold, the Himayalan fold mountains do not have volcanoes.
Examples of young fold mountains are-
1)Himalayas are young fold mountains formed due to collision of Eurasian plate with Indian plate. The Himayalas were formed in the upper cretaceous. The Indian plate is still moving northwards because of which the Himalaya rises 5mm every year.
2)Andes is being formed by the upliftment of the South American plate. It stretches from Colombia in the north and through Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina to the south and is the longest mountain chain in the World.

Note: The mountains which are formed before the Tertiary period are called old fold mountains. Examples of old fold mountains are Aravallis, Appalacians etc. It is said that the Appalachians were taller than Himalayas but years of erosional activity has reduced it to residual fold mountains.