Question

Give one-word answers for the following:
1. The solid particles which remain on the filter paper after the filtration-
2. The liquid which evaporates and then condenses during the process of distillation-
3. The process of transferring the clean liquid after the solid settles at the bottom of the container-
4. The process by which two miscible liquids are separated fractional-

Answer 1

Hint: When an organic compound is extracted from a natural source or is synthesized in the lab, it is necessary to purify it. The common techniques used for purification are as follows.
Sublimation, crystallization, distillation, differential extraction, and chromatography, filtration.

Complete answer:
To solve this problem we will discuss each option-
1) To answer this we need to know about the filtration process.
Filtration- It is a physical or chemical process of separation in which separates solid matter and fluid from a mixture through the filter. The filter has a complex structure that allows only fluid to pass. Hence solid particles separate from fluid. And fluid that passes through is called the filtrate. And whatever remains after a process of filtration known as the residue.
We can say that the solid particles which remain on the filter paper after filtration is called the residue.
2) To answer this we understand what distillation-is
Distillation- This method is used to separate volatile liquids from nonvolatile impurities and the liquids which have sufficient difference in their boiling points. We have different distillation methods. The vapor is collected and then condensed into a liquid in the process of distillation called the distillate.
Hence this correct answer is distillate.
3) Decantation – This is the separation process of immiscible liquids and liquid from solid. In this process, the liquid layer is removed at the top from the solid or liquid below. If one component of the mixture settles easily then this process is highly efficient.
Hence for this correct word is the decantation process.
4) Fractional distillation - Fractional distillation is the method of distillation in which two liquids are separated if the difference in their boiling points is less. For this simple distillation cannot be used.
Hence for this correct word is fractional distillation.

Note:
Filtration is the best method for separation of the mixture than the decantation process but it is a much more time-consuming process. There is an alternative to filtration centrifugation. Fractional distillation has technological applications in the petroleum industry to separate different fractions of crude oil. Glycerol can be separated from Spent-lye in the soap industry by distillation under reduced pressure.