Question

Given figure is of the longitudinal section of the kidney. Identify the parts labelled as A to D and select the correct option.

A) Cortex Calyx Renal column Ureter
B) Calyx Cortex Renal column Ureter
C) Medulla Cortex Renal capsule Urethra
D) Calyx Cortex Renal pelvis Urethra

Answer 1

Hint: Two bean-shaped organs in the renal system are the kidneys. They help move waste as urine to the body. Until sending it back to the heart, they also help philtre blood. The kidneys perform several important functions, including: maintaining the balance of fluid overall.

Complete answer:
The main function of the kidney is to extract excess body fluid, salts and metabolic by-products, which makes the kidneys essential to maintaining the balance of acid-base, blood pressure, and many other homeostatic parameters.

The kidney parenchyma includes the outer renal cortex and the inner renal medulla. The renal pyramid is the main unit of the medulla. In each kidney, there are 8-18 renal pyramids that look like triangles lined next to each other on the coronal section with their bases pointed toward the cortex and hilum apex. The pyramid's apex is medially projected into the renal sinus. The renal papilla is referred to as this apical projection and it opens to the minor calyx.

To form a major calyx, the minor calyces unite. In the kidney, there are usually two to three major calyces (superior, middle, and inferior) that unite again to form the renal pelvis from which the ureter arises and leaves the hilum via the kidney. Via extensions of the cortex called the renal columns, the pyramids are divided.

There are two boundaries of a bean-like form like the kidney: medial and lateral. The periphery is oriented toward the lateral boundary, while the medial border is directed toward the midline. A very important landmark called the hilum of the kidney, which is the entry and exit point for the kidney vessels and ureter, is included in the medial border of the kidney.

From the given diagram, the labelled parts are:
A. Calyx
B. Cortex
C. Renal column
D. Ureter

Hence, the correct answer is option (B).

Note: The pyramids include the kidney's functional units, the nephrons, which pump blood to create urine, which is then transferred to the ureter via a series of structures called calyces, which then hold the urine. So the pyramids reflect the urine-generating functional tissue, while the calyces are the beginning of the ureter and carry the urine to it.