Answer
Verified
436.2k+ views
Hint: Mixing of two different entities to get another entirely different entity is the general meaning of the term hybridization. The concept is also followed by atomic orbitals. Then, depending on the number and type of orbitals involved, there are different types of hybridization.
Complete Solution :
Hybridization is defined as mixing of two atomic orbitals of same or nearly same energies to get new orbitals of equivalent energy. These new orbitals are called hybrid orbitals. However, certain rules are followed while hybridization of orbitals occurs. These are as follows –
- Only central atom orbitals can undergo hybridization.
- To form a new hybrid orbital, participating atomic orbitals should be of the same energy.
- The number of hybrid orbitals formed is always equal to the sum of the number of participating atomic orbitals.
- The hybrid orbitals are scattered in space and tend to be farthest apart.
- Hybridised bonds are stronger than non-hybrid ones.
$s{{p}^{3}}$ type of hybridization – When one s- and the p- orbitals of the same atomic orbitals mix to give new hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy, $s{{p}^{3}}$ type of hybridization is observed.
Characteristic features of $s{{p}^{3}}$ type of hybridization are –
- The orbitals are directed towards four corners of a regular tetrahedron.
- All orbitals make an angle with each other.
- Each hybrid orbitals have 25% s character and 75% p character.
Simple example of $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization is ethane molecules.
- In ethane, $s,{{p}_{x}},{{p}_{y}}$ and ${{p}_{z}}$ orbitals of both the carbon atoms undergo $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization to give 4 hybrid orbitals with equal energy each. Among these orbitals, one hybrid orbitals of one carbon overlaps with 1s orbital of hydrogen and gives 3 sigma bonds. Last orbital overlaps with one $s{{p}^{3}}$ orbital of another carbon atom and gives a sigma bond between the two carbon atoms.
Similarly, $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization is observed in methane molecules. The $s,{{p}_{x}},{{p}_{y}}$ and ${{p}_{z}}$ orbitals of carbon atom undergo $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization to give 4 hybrid orbitals with equal energy. Among these orbitals, one hybrid orbitals of one carbon overlaps with 1s orbital of hydrogen and gives 4 sigma bonds. This is shown below,
Note: Note that mixing of one s- orbital with 3 p- gives, $s{{p}^{3}}$ one s- and two p- orbitals gives $s{{p}^{2}}$ whereas. Mixing of one s- and one p- gives sp hybridization.
Complete Solution :
Hybridization is defined as mixing of two atomic orbitals of same or nearly same energies to get new orbitals of equivalent energy. These new orbitals are called hybrid orbitals. However, certain rules are followed while hybridization of orbitals occurs. These are as follows –
- Only central atom orbitals can undergo hybridization.
- To form a new hybrid orbital, participating atomic orbitals should be of the same energy.
- The number of hybrid orbitals formed is always equal to the sum of the number of participating atomic orbitals.
- The hybrid orbitals are scattered in space and tend to be farthest apart.
- Hybridised bonds are stronger than non-hybrid ones.
$s{{p}^{3}}$ type of hybridization – When one s- and the p- orbitals of the same atomic orbitals mix to give new hybrid orbitals of equivalent energy, $s{{p}^{3}}$ type of hybridization is observed.
Characteristic features of $s{{p}^{3}}$ type of hybridization are –
- The orbitals are directed towards four corners of a regular tetrahedron.
- All orbitals make an angle with each other.
- Each hybrid orbitals have 25% s character and 75% p character.
Simple example of $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization is ethane molecules.
- In ethane, $s,{{p}_{x}},{{p}_{y}}$ and ${{p}_{z}}$ orbitals of both the carbon atoms undergo $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization to give 4 hybrid orbitals with equal energy each. Among these orbitals, one hybrid orbitals of one carbon overlaps with 1s orbital of hydrogen and gives 3 sigma bonds. Last orbital overlaps with one $s{{p}^{3}}$ orbital of another carbon atom and gives a sigma bond between the two carbon atoms.
Similarly, $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization is observed in methane molecules. The $s,{{p}_{x}},{{p}_{y}}$ and ${{p}_{z}}$ orbitals of carbon atom undergo $s{{p}^{3}}$ hybridization to give 4 hybrid orbitals with equal energy. Among these orbitals, one hybrid orbitals of one carbon overlaps with 1s orbital of hydrogen and gives 4 sigma bonds. This is shown below,
Note: Note that mixing of one s- orbital with 3 p- gives, $s{{p}^{3}}$ one s- and two p- orbitals gives $s{{p}^{2}}$ whereas. Mixing of one s- and one p- gives sp hybridization.
Recently Updated Pages
Who among the following was the religious guru of class 7 social science CBSE
what is the correct chronological order of the following class 10 social science CBSE
Which of the following was not the actual cause for class 10 social science CBSE
Which of the following statements is not correct A class 10 social science CBSE
Which of the following leaders was not present in the class 10 social science CBSE
Garampani Sanctuary is located at A Diphu Assam B Gangtok class 10 social science CBSE
Trending doubts
A rainbow has circular shape because A The earth is class 11 physics CBSE
Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?
Fill the blanks with the suitable prepositions 1 The class 9 english CBSE
How do you graph the function fx 4x class 9 maths CBSE
The Equation xxx + 2 is Satisfied when x is Equal to Class 10 Maths
Which is the first open university in India A Andhra class 10 physics CBSE
Difference between Prokaryotic cell and Eukaryotic class 11 biology CBSE
Give 10 examples for herbs , shrubs , climbers , creepers
Change the following sentences into negative and interrogative class 10 english CBSE