Question

Immobilised enzymes are generally used for bioreactors in
A. Batch process
B. Digestive process
C. Activation process
D. Continuous process

Answer 1

Hint: Enzymes are attached to an inert and insoluble material so that the enzyme becomes more resistant to changes in pH and temperature. This is called enzyme immobilisation. This prevents the denaturation of enzymes. The inert material can be sodium or calcium alginate.

Complete Answer:
To solve this question, we must know about bioreactor and the various types of processes used for the same.
- The bioreactor is a closed system in which the biochemical activity takes place over substrate. Bioreactors are generally used for making antibiotics, and other pharmaceutical products.

The different types of processes involved in bioreactors are-
1. Batch process- In the batch process the product comes out in batches not continuously. An optimum condition is maintained throughout the process. The enzyme is also immobilised so as to increase its efficiency.
2. Digestive process- In this type of bioreactor the products are formed continuously and the enzyme is added along with the substrate.
3. Activation process- This method is used to treat waste water. Oxygen or air is blown into the raw sewage.
4. Continuous process- In this the product is obtained continuously. The reactant is continuously fed and the steady conditions cannot be maintained. It does not require enzyme immobilisation and for continuous yield enzymes are fed along with the reactant.

Thus the correct answer is (A). Immobilised enzymes are generally used for bioreactors in the batch process.

Note: Immobilised enzymes are used in making of biofuels from carbohydrate sources. Also these enzymes are used to identify various types of conditions like several diseases, pregnancy etc.