Question

In which form of glucose is stored in the liver?
(a)Cellulose
(b)Glycogen
(c)Starch
(d)Sucrose

Answer 1

Hint: Some glucose in the cells is stored by all animals and humans so that it is available for quick shots of energy. When the glucose is present in excess in the body then it is stored in the liver and forms glycogen. When there is a demand for glucose then it is broken down into stored glycogen into glucose and sends it through the bloodstream as fuel for other organs.

Complete answer:
A polysaccharide of glucose that is having multiple branches is known as glycoside whose main function is to provide energy that is stored in various organisms including animals, bacteria, and fungi that acts as the form of glucose stored in the body. Among the two forms of energy reserves, glycogen plays an important role as glycogen being for short-term and the other form being triglyceride stores in adipose tissue (i.e., body fat) for long-term storage. We know glycogen in human is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and skeletal muscle, in the liver, it can make up the organ's fresh weight that is about 5–6%, and it weighs around 1.5 kg in an adult that stores around 100–120 grams of glycogen. And a low concentration of glycogen is found in skeletal muscle (1–2% of the muscle mass), which is an adult who weighs 70 kg that stores roughly 400 grams of glycogen. A healthy human contains approximately 4 grams of glucose in the blood at all times; the blood glucose is maintained constant in fasted individuals, at the expense of glycogen stores in the liver and skeletal muscle. In skeletal muscle, the stored glycogen serves as a form of energy storage for the muscle itself; however, the breakdown of muscle glycogen impedes muscle glucose uptake from the blood, thereby resulting in the increase in the blood glucose level present that is used in other tissues and it is stirred in the liver in the form of glycogen for use throughout the body, especially the central nervous system.

Additional Information:
1) In the case of fasting, sedentary individuals the human brain consumes approximately 60% of blood glucose.
2) A scientist namely Claude Bernard discovered glycogen where he showed that the liver contained a substance that could give rise to reducing the sugar by the action of a "ferment" in the liver. He also described by 1857 that the isolation of a substance is called a sugar-forming substance.
3) Kekulé established the empirical formula for glycogen of ${ C }_{ 6 }{ H }_{ 10 }{ O }_{ 5 }$ in 1858.
So, the correct answer is, ‘glycogen’.

Note: Diabetes is the most common disease in which abnormal glycogen metabolism is observed due to the abnormal amounts of insulin secretion, and accumulation or depletion of liver glycogen at an abnormal rate. To normalize the glycogen metabolism restoration of normal glucose metabolism should occur. In the case of another disease called hypoglycemia by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels become high, but the high insulin levels prevent the glycogenolysis necessary to maintain normal blood sugar levels and the common treatment for this is glucagon.