Question

In which of the following groups of animals, the spiracle, trachea and tracheoles are associated with the respiratory system?
A. Frog and Earthworm
B. Prawns, mollusc and fishes
C. Lizard, bird and fishes
D. Cockroaches, grasshopper and houseflies

Answer 1

Hint:-In order to live, all insects are aerobic organisms; they must receive oxygen from their surroundings. To transform nutrients into the chemical bond energy of ATP, they use the same metabolic reactions as other species. Oxygen atoms react with hydrogen ions to create water during the final stage of this process, releasing energy that is captured in an ATP phosphate bond.

Complete Answer:-Separate from the circulatory system is the respiratory system of insects and many other arthropods. It is a complicated tube network called a tracheal system that carries air containing oxygen to every cell of the body. Through valve-like openings in the exoskeleton, air enters the body of the insect. These openings are situated laterally along most insects' thorax and abdomen, usually one pair of spiracles per segment of the body. Air flow is regulated by small muscles inside each spiracle that operate one or two flap-like valves, contracting to close the spiracle or relaxing to open it.
Air enters a longitudinal tracheal trunk after passing through a spiracle, gradually spreading across a complex, branching network of tracheal tubes that subdivides into smaller and smaller diameters and reaches every part of the body. A special cell provides a thin, moist interface at the end of each tracheal branch for the exchange of gases between atmospheric air and a living cell. In the tracheal channel, oxygen dissolves first in the tracheolic fluid and then diffuses into the cytoplasm of the neighbouring cell. At the same time , carbon dioxide, emitted as a waste product of cellular respiration, diffuses out of the cell and, ultimately, out of the body via the tracheal system.
Through an elaborate and most effective gas exchange system made of branching elastic air tubes or tracheae, a large majority of insects breathe air. The tracheal system primarily serves to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide when insects are present. Each trachea, known as the taenidia, is an air tube lined with epithelial cells and spiral ridges. Via small openings called spiracles through which the air reaches the system, Tracheae open externally. Without internal taenidia ridges, the tracheae are branched into finer branches called the tracheoles, which are air capillaries.

Hence, the correct answer is (d) Cockroaches, grasshopper and houseflies

Note:- In order to transfer gases inside the tracheal system, small insects rely almost entirely on passive diffusion and physical activity. Larger insects, however, can need active ventilation of the tracheal system. By opening some spiracles and closing others by using abdominal muscles to expand and contract body volume alternately, they do this.