Question

What kind of disputes are adjudicated by revenue courts?
$A)$ Marriage and Divorce
$B)$ Murder and Dacoity
$C)$Land records and land tax
$D)$ Property and money

Answer 1

Hint: A court is any person or institution, usually a government agency, that has the jurisdiction to arbitrate legal disputes between parties and administer justice in civil, criminal, and administrative matters in conformity with the rule of law. Courts are the primary way of resolving disputes in both common law and civil law legal systems.

Complete answer:
Now let us look into the given options:
A) Option $A$: This is not the correct option since these types of disputes are solved by family court first. Section 9 of the Family Court Act requires matrimonial disputes involving support, child custody, divorces, and other issues to be resolved through mediation. It further stipulates that with their cooperation, the parties should be referred to a mediation facility. If necessary, the family court may seek the assistance of counsellors in resolving disagreements.

B) Option $B$: This is not the correct option because these types of disputes are resolved by criminal court. Criminal laws are the rules that apply when someone commits a crime such as assault, robbery, murder, arson, dacoity, rape, or other types of offences. A person is taken to a Criminal Court after being arrested and charged with a crime. Criminal Court judges have the authority to imprison you for breaching the law.

C) Option $C$: This is the correct option because in sub-section $(1)$, "Revenue Court" means a court having jurisdiction under any local law to entertain suits or other proceedings relating to the rent, revenue, or profits of land used for agricultural purposes, but does not include a Civil Court having original jurisdiction under this Code to try such suits or proceedings as being civil suits or proceedings. State revenue matters are handled by revenue courts.

Every state is the sole owner of all land inside its borders. As a result, the state has the authority to levy a rent or tax on its use, regardless of whether it is freehold in the name of the owner or leased. The state determines land rent or revenue based on the type of the land, whether it is irrigated or non-irrigated, and so on.

D) Option $D$: This is not the correct option because a family settlement that purports to assign immovable property must be mandatorily registered, according to Section $17$ of the Indian Registration Act, otherwise the deed will be void. On such deeds, a stamp duty is levied, the amount of which is determined by the value of the property concerned.

Thus the correct answer is option ‘C’.

Note: During the Mughal era, India's land record system was predominantly organised. Although much has changed in terms of land and revenue record keeping in India since then, the vocabulary has remained mostly unchanged, with many phrases having roots in Arabic, Persian, and Hindi.